一. 全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, run等表示来去或状态的动词。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妇人。
3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain….) 句型中。例如:
There stands a little girl.
4)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如:
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:
Here you are.
Here he comes. 他来了。
二. 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语。
如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time, not until… 等。例如:
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
2.以否定连词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,前倒后不倒。
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
3. so, neither, nor作部分倒装。
表示另一主语“也…样”时,用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;而表示另一主语“也不…样”时,用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去,我也不去。
4.only在句首倒装的情况。only+副词或介词短语或状语从句时,主句倒装。
Only in this way, can you learn English well. (only+介词短语)
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.(only+副词)
Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.(only+状语从句)
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时,他才卧床休息。
6.so… that,such…that引导的结果状语从句中,当so和such位于句首时,用”so\such + adj. + 主语+谓语”。例如:
So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难,以至于大多数同学没能考过。
7. 在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨,我们就不会去打篮球了。
=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, run等表示来去或状态的动词。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妇人。
3) 在there be或者there live(stand, appear, seem, remain….) 句型中。例如:
There stands a little girl.
4)在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如:
May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如:
Here you are.
Here he comes. 他来了。
二. 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语。
如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, scarcely, at no time, not until… 等。例如:
Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。
2.以否定连词开头作部分倒装
如 Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than等,前倒后不倒。
Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物,还狠狠批评了送礼的人。
3. so, neither, nor作部分倒装。
表示另一主语“也…样”时,用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构;而表示另一主语“也不…样”时,用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构。
If you won't go, neither will I. 你不去,我也不去。
4.only在句首倒装的情况。only+副词或介词短语或状语从句时,主句倒装。
Only in this way, can you learn English well. (only+介词短语)
Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.(only+副词)
Only when it began to rain did he finish his job.(only+状语从句)
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时,他才卧床休息。
6.so… that,such…that引导的结果状语从句中,当so和such位于句首时,用”so\such + adj. + 主语+谓语”。例如:
So difficult was the exam that most of the students failed to pass it. 考试如此难,以至于大多数同学没能考过。
7. 在if虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把 were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.如果明天下雨,我们就不会去打篮球了。
=If it should rain tomorrow, we would not play basketball.