1. If a man commits a murder, that man must be killed.
2. If a man commits a robbery, he will be killed.
3. If a man commits a kidnapping, he is to be imprisoned and pay 15 shekels of silver.
4. If a slave marries a slave, and that slave is set free, he does not leave the household.
5. If a slave marries a native (i.e. free) person, he/she is to hand the firstborn son over to his owner.
6. If a man violates the right of another and deflowers the virgin wife of a young man, they shall kill that male.
7. If the wife of a man followed after another man and he slept with her, they shall slay that woman, but that male shall be set free.
8. If a man proceeded by force, and deflowered the virgin slavewoman of another man, that man must pay five shekels of silver.
9. If a man divorces his first-time wife, he shall pay her one mina of silver.
10. If it is a (former) widow whom he divorces, he shall pay her half a mina of silver.
11. If the man had slept with the widow without there having been any marriage contract, he need not pay any silver.
13. If a man is accused of sorcery he must undergo ordeal by water; if he is proven innocent, his accuser must pay 3 shekels.
14. If a man accused the wife of a man of adultery, and the river ordeal proved her innocent, then the man who had accused her must pay one-third of a mina of silver.
15. If a prospective son-in-law enters the house of his prospective father-in-law, but his father-in-law later gives his daughter to another man, the father-in-law shall return to the rejected son-in-law twofold the amount of bridal presents he had brought.
17. If a slave escapes from the city limits, and someone returns him, the owner shall pay two shekels to the one who returned him.
18. If a man knocks out the eye of another man, he shall weigh out ½ a mina of silver.
19. If a man has cut off another man’s foot, he is to pay ten shekels.
20. If a man, in the course of a scuffle, smashed the limb of another man with a club, he shall pay one mina of silver.
21. If someone severed the nose of another man with a copper knife, he must pay two-thirds of a mina of silver.
22. If a man knocks out a tooth of another man, he shall pay two shekels of silver.
24. [...] If he does not have a slave, he is to pay 10 shekels of silver. If he does not have silver, he is to give another thing that belongs to him.
25. If a man’s slave-woman, comparing herself to her mistress, speaks insolently to her, her mouth shall be scoured with 1 quart of salt.
28. If a man appeared as a witness, and was shown to be a perjurer, he must pay fifteen shekels of silver.
29. If a man appears as a witness, but withdraws his oath, he must make payment, to the extent of the value in litigation of the case.
30. If a man stealthily cultivates the field of another man and he raises a complaint, this is however to be rejected, and this man will lose his expenses.
31. If a man flooded the field of a man with water, he shall measure out three kur of barley per iku of field.
32. If a man had let an arable field to a(nother) man for cultivation, but he did not cultivate it, turning it into wasteland, he shall measure out three kur of barley per iku of field.
第二部分讲述了吉尔伽美什和恩奇都在日神沙马什(Shamash)帮助下打败衫树林怪兽洪巴巴(Humbaba)。女神伊丝塔(Ishtar)为吉尔伽美什的魅力所倾倒向他求爱被拒绝,于是以死威胁其父神安努(Anu)派出带来旱灾的天牛(Bull of heaven)[1]下凡复仇,被两人杀死。吉尔伽美什和恩奇都成为众人拥戴的英雄。
米坦尼王国(Mitanni Kingdom,1550-1260) 卡达什曼恩利尔(Kadashman-Enlil I) 伯尔纳布里阿什(Burna-Buriash II) 卡拉哈尔达什(Kara-hardash) 纳吉布加什(Nazi-bugash) 库里加尔祖(Kurigalzu II) 纳吉马鲁塔什(Nazi-maruttash) 卡达什曼图尔古(Kadashman-Turgu) 卡达什曼恩利尔(Kadashman-Enlil II) 库都尔恩利尔(Kudur-Enlil) 沙加拉克提舒里阿什(Shagarakti-Shuriash) 卡什提里阿什(Kashtiliash IV) 图库尔提宁努尔塔(Tukulti-Ninurta) 恩利尔纳丁舒米(Enlil-nadin-shumi) 卡达什曼哈尔贝(Kadashman-Harbe II) 阿达德舒马伊丁纳(Adad-shuma-iddina) 阿达德舒马阿苏尔(Adad-shuma-asur) 美里希帕克(Melishipak) 马尔都克阿普拉伊丁纳(Marduk-apla-iddina I) 扎巴巴舒马伊丁纳(Zababa-shuma-iddina) 恩利尔纳丁阿希(Enlil-nadin-ahi) ============================== * Agum II fl. c.1570 BC * Burna-Buriaš I * Kaštiliaš III * Ulam-Buriaš * Agum III * Kadašman-harbe I * Karaindaš * Kurigalzu I d.1377 BC * Kadašman-Enlil I 1377-1361 BC * Burna-Buriaš II 1361-1333 BC * Karahardaš 1333-1331 BC * Nazibugaš 1331 BC * Kurigalzu II 1331-1306 BC * Nazimaruttaš 1306-1280 BC * Kadašman-Turgu 1280-1262 BC * Kadašman-Enlil II 1262-1254 BC * Kudur-Enlil 1254-1245 BC * Šagarakti-Šuriaš 1245-1232 BC * Kaštiliaš IV 1232-1224 BC * Enlil-nadin-šumi 1224-1221 * Adad-šuma-iddina 1221-1215 * Adad-šuma-usur 1215-1185 BC * Melišipak 1185-[[1170s BC|1170 BCE] * Marduk-apal-iddina I 1170-1157 BC * Zababa-šuma-iddina 1157-1156 BC * Enlil-nadin-ahhe 1156-1153 BC
伊辛王朝 南部美索不达米亚的独立的阿摩利人的国家. 此王朝结束于约公元前1730年. 伊辛的伊什比埃拉: 33 年 Shu-ilishu : 20 年 Iddin-Dagan : 20 年 Ishme-Dagan : 20 年 Lipit-Eshtar : 11 年 Ur-Ninurta ( Ishkur之子, may he have years of abundance, a good reign, and a sweet life): 28 年 Bur-Sin : 5 年 Lipit-Enlil : 5 年 Erra-Imitti : 8 年 Enlil-Bani : 24 年(the king's gardener, to celebrate the New Year was named 'king for a day' then sacrificed, the king died during the celebration. Enlil-Bani remained on the throne.) Zambiya : 3 年 Iter-Pisha : 4 年 Ur-Dul-Kuga : 4 年 Suen-magir : 11 年 Damiq-ilicu : 23 年
1.失落的文明:巴比伦—— 陈晓红、毛锐 2,近东与中东的文明——雷奈·格鲁塞. 3.古代两河流域文明——吴宇虹 4.论上古西亚两河流域文化的两个问题——林琳 5.The Sumerians——S. N . Kramer (还有这个历史学家的一些其他资料,翻译的没翻译的,具体名字忘记了) 6.古代埃及和美索不达米亚美术 ——罗世平、李建群 7.世界消失的民族——吴宇虹 杨勇 吕冰 8.Royal Inscriptions of Sumer and Akkad——G.A.Barton 9.失落的文明——王晶波 10.Everyday life in Babylonia & Assyria——H. W. F. Saggs(还有这个历史学家的一些其他资料,翻译的没翻译的,具体的找不到出处了) 11.汉穆拉比法典——祁建平 12.世界文明史——马克垚