[Novel] 连载完结。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

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楼主 2012-08-23

本书简介：
《沉思录》是古罗马皇帝奥勒留写给自己的书，内容大部分是他在鞍马劳顿中写成的。作品来自奥勒留对身羁宫廷的自己和自己所处混乱世界的感受，追求一种冷静而达观的生活。这部著作是斯多葛学派的一个里程碑，亦是温总理放在枕边，读了不下百遍的书。
本书原文由古希腊文而作，英文版选择比较权威的George Long的版本，中文版选择何怀宏的版本作参考。笔记中的英文释义摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》

作者简介：
马可•奥勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲学家”，古罗马帝国皇帝，在希腊文学和拉丁文学、修辞、哲学、法律、绘画方面受过很好的教育，晚期斯多葛学派代表人物之一。奥勒留也许是西方历史上唯一的一位哲学家皇帝。他是一个比他的帝国更加完美的人，他的勤奋工作最终并没有能够挽救古罗马，但是他的《沉思录》却成为西方历史上的伟大名著。

卷八01

8.1 THIS reflection also tends to the removal of the desire of empty fame, that it is no longer in thy power to have lived the whole of thy life, or at least thy life from thy youth upwards, like a philosopher; but both to many others and to thyself it is plain that thou art far from philosophy. Thou hast fallen into disorder then, so that it is no longer easy for thee to get the reputation of a philosopher; and thy plan of life also opposes it. If then thou hast truly seen where the matter lies, throw away the thought, How thou shalt seem to others, and be content if thou shalt live the rest of thy life in such wise as thy nature wills. Observe then what it wills, and let nothing else distract thee; for thou hast had experience of many wanderings without having found happiness anywhere, not in syllogisms, nor in wealth, nor in reputation, nor in enjoyment, nor anywhere. Where is it then? In doing what man's nature requires. How then shall a man do this? If he has principles from which come his affects and his acts. What principles? Those which relate to good and bad: the belief that there is nothing good for man, which does not make him just, temperate, manly, free; and that there is nothing bad, which does not do the contrary to what has been mentioned.

8.2 This is the chief thing: Be not perturbed, for all things are according to the nature of the universal; and in a little time thou wilt be nobody and nowhere, like Hadrian and Augustus. In the next place having fixed thy eyes steadily on thy business look at it, and at the same time remembering that it is thy duty to be a good man, and what man's nature demands, do that without turning aside; and speak as it seems to thee most just, only let it be with a good disposition and with modesty and without hypocrisy.

Notes：
hypocrisy [n] behaviour in which somebody pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have.

8.3 The nature of the universal has this work to do, to remove to that place the things which are in this, to change them, to take them away hence, and to carry them there. All things are change, yet we need not fear anything new. All things are familiar to us; but the distribution of them still remains the same.

先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：

中文翻译：

8.1 这一反思也有助于消除对于虚名的欲望，即像一个哲学家一样度过你的整个一生，或至少度过你从青年以后的生活，这已不再在你的力量范围之内了；你和许多别的人都很明白你是远离哲学的。然后你落入了纷乱无序，以致你得到一个哲学家的名声不再是容易的了，你的生活计划也不符合它。那么如果你真正看清了问题的所在，就驱开这一想法吧。你管别人是怎样看你呢，只要你将以你的本性所欲的这种方式度过你的余生你就是满足的。那么注意你的本性意欲什么，不要让任何别的东西使你分心，因为你有过许多流浪的经验却在哪儿都没有找到幸福：在三段法中没有，在财富中没有，在名声中没有，在享乐中没有，在任何地方都没有找到幸福。那么幸福在哪里？就在于做人的本性所要求的事情。那么一个人将怎样做它呢？如果他拥有作为他的爱好和行为之来源的原则。什么原则呢？那些有关善恶的原则：即深信没有什么东西于人是好的－如果它不使人公正、节制、勇敢和自由；没有什么东西对人是坏的－如果它不使人沾染与前述品质相反的品质。

8.2 主要的事情在于：不要被打扰，因为所有的事物都是合乎宇宙本性的，很快你就将化为乌有，再也无处可寻，就像赫德里安、奥古斯都那样。其次要聚精会神地注意你的事情，同时记住做一个好人是你的义务，无论人的本性要求什么，做所要求的事而不要搁置；说你看来是最恰当的话，只是要以一种好的气质、以谦虚和毫不虚伪的态度说出来。

8.3 宇宙的本性有这一工作要做，即把这个地方的事物移到那个地方，改变它们，把它们从此带到彼处。所有事物都是变化的，但我们没有必要害怕任何新的东西。所有的事物都是我们熟悉的，而对这些事物的分配也保持着同样。

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34楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（1）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。如果要作为翻译练习的话，需要注意添加动词及调整语序，使你的翻译语句通顺，易于理解。
1.1 From my grandfather Verus I learned good morals and the government of my temper.
1.2 From the reputation and remembrance of my father，modesty and a manly character.
1.3 From my mother, piety and beneficence, and abstinence, not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts; and further, simplicity in my way of living, far removed from the habits of the rich.

Notes：
piety [n] the state of having or showing a deep respect for sb/sth, especially for God and religion; the state of being pious. [opp] impiety
beneficence [n] giving help; showing kindness
abstinence [n] the practice of not allowing yourself sth, especially food, alcoholic drinks or sex, for moral, religious or health reasons.
这句中“not only from evil deeds, but even from evil thoughts” 修饰的是abstinence, 翻译的时候可以转换成动宾短语，如“不仅戒除恶行，甚而戒除恶念”
1.4 From my great-grandfather, not to have frequented public schools, and to have had good teachers at home, and to know that on such things a man should spend liberally.
1.5 From my governor, to be neither of the green nor of the blue party at the games in the Circus, nor a partizan either of the Parmularius or the Scutarius at the gladiators' fights; from him too I learned endurance of labour, and to want little, and to work with my own hands, and not to meddle with other people's affairs, and not to be ready to listen to slander.

Notes:
Parmularius & Scutarius 都是党派的名称。
gladiator [n] (in ancient Rome) a man trained to fight other men or animals in order to entertain the public.
meddle [v] (disapproving) to become involved in sth that does not concern you (~in/with sth); to touch sth in a careless way, especially when it is not yours or when you do not know how to use it correctly. (~with sth)

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
1.1 从我的祖父维勒斯，我学习到弘德和制怒。
1.2 从我父亲的名声及对他的追忆，我懂得了谦虚和果敢。
1.3 从我的母亲，我濡染了虔诚、仁爱和不仅戒除恶行，甚而戒除恶念的品质，以及远离奢侈的简朴生活方式。
1.4 从我的曾祖父那里，我懂得了不要时常出入公共学校，而是要在家里有好的教师；懂得了在这些事情上一个人要不吝钱财。
1.5 从我的老师那里，我明白了不要介入马戏中的任何一派，也不要陷入角斗戏中的党争；我从他那里也学会了忍受劳作、清心寡欲、事必躬亲，不干涉他人事务和不轻信流言诽谤。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

33楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（2）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。如果要作为翻译练习的话，需要注意添加动词及调整语序，使你的翻译语句通顺，易于理解。
从这期选的两段文字中，我们可以发现奥勒留很反对奢侈的生活，反对华而不实的文风，反对迷信，崇尚简朴与自律，热爱哲学。
1.6 From Diognetus, not to busy myself about trifling things, and not to give credit to what was said by miracle-workers and jugglers about incantations and the driving away of daemons and such things; and not to breed quails for fighting, nor to give myself up passionately to such things; and to endure freedom of speech; and to have become intimate with philosophy; and to have been a hearer, first of Bacchius, then of Tandasis and Marcianus; and to have written dialogues in my youth; and to have desired a plank bed and skin, and whatever else of the kind belongs to the Grecian discipline.

Notes：
trifle [adj](formal) small and not important.
incantation [n][c, u] special words that are spoken or sung to have a magic effect; the act of speaking or singing these words.
daemon [n] a creature in stories from ancient Greece that is half man and half god.
breed [v] ~sth (for/as ath) to keep animals or plants in order to produce young ones in a controlled way.
quail/quails [n][c, u] a small brown bird whose meat and eggs are used for food; the meat of this bird.
plank [n] a long narrow flat piece of wood that is used for making flours, etc; a main point in the policy of an organization, especially a political party.

1.7 From Rusticus I received the impression that my character required improvement and discipline; and from him I learned not to be led astray to sophistic emulation, nor to writing on speculative matters, nor to delivering little hortatory orations, nor to showing myself off as a man who practices much discipline, or does benevolent acts in order to make a display; and to abstain from rhetoric, and poetry, and fine writing; and not to walk about in the house in my outdoor dress, nor to do other things of the kind; and to write my letters with simplicity, like the letter which Rusticus wrote from Sinuessa to my mother; and with respect to those who have offended me by words, or done me wrong, to be easily disposed to be pacified and reconciled, as soon as they have shown a readiness to be reconciled; and to read carefully, and not to be satisfied with a superficial understanding of a book; nor hastily to give my assent to those who talk overmuch; and I am indebted to him for being acquainted with the discourses of Epictetus, which he communicated to me out of his own collection.

Notes:
go astray ① to become last; to be stolen; ②to go in the wrong direction or to have the wrong result.
emulate [v] ①(formal)to try to do sth as well as sb else because you admire them; ②(computing)(of a computer program, etc)to work in the same way as another computer, etc. and perform the same tasks.
benevolent [adj] ①(formal)(especially of people in authority) kind, helpful and generous. [OPP] malevolent; ②used in the names of some organizations that give help and money to people in need.
rhetoric [un] ①(formal, often disapproving) speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere; ②(formal) the skill for using language in speech or writing in a special way that influences or entertains people.
reconcile [v] ①~sth(with sth) to find an acceptable way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that seem to be opposed to each other; ②(usually passive)~sb(with sb) to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement; ③~sb/yourself accept an unpleasant situation because it is not possible to change it.

中文翻译：
1.7从戴奥吉纳图斯，我学会了不使自己碌碌于琐事，不相信术士巫师之言，驱除鬼怪精灵和类似的东西；学会了不畏惧也不热衷于战斗；学会了让人说话；学会了亲近哲学。我先是巴克斯，然后是坦德西斯、马尔塞勒斯的一个倾听者，我年青时学习写过对话，向往卧人硬板床和衣粗毛皮，从他，我还学会了其他所有属于希腊学问的东西。
1.8从拉斯蒂克斯，我领悟到我的品格需要改进和训练，知道不迷误于诡辩的竞赛，不写作投机的东西，不进行繁琐的劝诫，不显示自己训练有素，或者做仁慈的行为以图炫耀；学会了避免辞藻华丽、构思精巧的写作；不穿着出门用的衣服在室内行走及别的类似事件；学会了以朴素的风格写信，就像拉斯蒂克斯从锡纽埃瑟给我的母亲写的信一样；对于那些以言词冒犯我，或者对我做了错事的人，一旦他们表现出和解的意愿，就乐意地与他们和解；从他，我也学会了仔细地阅读，不满足于表面的理解，不轻率地同意那些夸夸其谈的人；我亦感谢他使我熟悉了埃比克太德的言论，那是他从自己的收藏中传授给我的。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

32楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（3）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。如果要作为翻译练习的话，需要注意添加动词及调整语序，使你的翻译语句通顺，易于理解。
几期节目做下来，在翻阅字典，输入词条释义的过程中，也窥探出一些George Long的用词习惯，你可以发现，他的用词以“formal”为主，这是与整本书的基调相吻合的。所以，同学们做翻译什么的时候，一定要注意用词，力求还原原文的行文风格，不要把脑子里蹦出来的第一个词不加思考地写下来。
1.11 From Alexander the grammarian, to refrain from fault-finding, and not in a reproachful way to chide those who uttered any barbarous or solecistic or strange-sounding expression; but dexterously to introduce the very expression which ought to have been used, and in the way of answer or giving confirmation, or joining in an inquiry about the thing itself, not about the word, or by some other fit suggestion.

Notes：
refrain [v] ~ (from sth/from doing sth) (formal) to stop yourself from doing sth, especially sth that you want to do
          e.g.: They appealed to the protesters to refrain from violence. (他们呼吁抗议者们不要采取暴力行动。)
          [n] a comment or complaint that is often repeated; the part of a song that is repeated after each verse.
chide [v] ~ sb (for sth/for doing sth) (formal) to criticize or blame sb because they have done sth wrong.
          e.g.: She chided herself for being so impatient with the children. (她责怪自己对孩子不够耐心。)
barbarous [adj] extremely cruel and shocking; showing a lack of education and good manners.
solecism [n] a mistake in the use of language in speech or writing; an example of bad manners or unacceptable behavior. solecistic [adj]
dexterous [adj] skilful with your hands; skillfully done. →dexterously [adv]

1.12 From Fronto I learned to observe what envy, and duplicity, and hypocrisy are in a tyrant, and that generally those among us who are called Patricians are rather deficient in paternal affection.

Notes:
duplicity [un] (formal) dishonest behavior that is intended to make sb believe sth which is not true.
hypocrisy [n] (disapproving) behavior in which sb pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have.
              e.g.: He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. (他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。)
tyrant [n] a person who has complete power in a country and uses it in a cruel and unfair way.
patrician [adj] (formal) typical of the highest society class.
             e.g.: She comes from an old patrician family. (她出生名门望族。)
             同样可以作为名词。
             反义词是plebeian，也可以做形容词和名词。

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
1.11 从文法家亚历山大，我学会了避免挑剔，不去苛责那些表达上有粗俗、欠文理和生造等毛病的人们，而是灵巧地通过回答的方式、证实的方式、探讨事物本身而非词汇的方式，或者别的恰当启示，来引出那应当使用的正确表达。
1.12 从弗朗特，我学会了观察仅仅在一个暴君那里存在的嫉妒、伪善和口是心非，知道我们中间那些被称为上流人的一般是相当缺乏仁慈之情的。

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（3）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。如果要作为翻译练习的话，需要注意添加动词及调整语序，使你的翻译语句通顺，易于理解。
从这期选的两段文字中，奥勒留学到的是遇到任何事都宠辱不惊的态度，是一种仁爱的气质。对于现在的我们来说，也是不可缺少的品质。面对人生中的挫折变故，需要我们有一颗坚强的心支撑自己，仁爱同样是我国传统文化中的核心思想。真正的谦逊不是假仁假义博取他人的赞美和奉承，而是一种“大音希声，大象无形”，往往在不经意间体现一个人的修养和境界。
1.9 From Apollonius I learned freedom of will and undeviating steadiness of purpose; and to look to nothing else, not even for a moment, except to reason; and to be always the same, in sharp pains, on the occasion of the loss of a child, and in long illness; and to see clearly in a living example that the same man can be both most resolute and yielding, and not peevish in giving his instruction; and to have had before my eyes a man who clearly considered his experience and his skill in expounding philosophical principles as the smallest of his merits; and from him I learned how to receive from friends what are esteemed favours, without being either humbled by them or letting them pass unnoticed.

Notes：
peevish [adj] easily annoyed by unimportant things; bad-tempered
expound [v] ~sth (sb)| ~on sth (formal) to explain sth by talking about it in detail.
    e.g.: He expounded his views on the subject to me at great length. （他详细地想我阐述了他对这个主题的看法。）
           We listened as she expounded on the government new policies. （我们听着她对政府新政策的阐述。）
esteem [UN] (formal) great respect and admiration; a good opinion of sb;
           [V] (formal) (not used in the grogressive tenses) ①[VN][usually passive] to respect and admire sb/sth very much. e.g.: a highly esteemed scientist ②[VN-N](old-fashioned, formal) to think of sb/sth in a particular way.
1.10 From Sextus, a benevolent disposition, and the example of a family governed in a fatherly manner, and the idea of living conformably to nature; and gravity without affectation, and to look carefully after the interests of friends, and to tolerate ignorant persons, and those who form opinions without consideration: he had the power of readily accommodating himself to all, so that intercourse with him was more agreeable than any flattery; and at the same time he was most highly venerated by those who associated with him: and he had the faculty both of discovering and ordering, in an intelligent and methodical way, the principles necessary for life; and he never showed anger or any other passion, but was entirely free from passion, and also most affectionate; and he could express approbation without noisy display, and he possessed much knowledge without ostentation.

Notes:
flattery [UN] praise that is not sincere, especially in order to obtain sth from sb.
【IDM】Flattery will get you everywhere/ nowhere: praise that is not sincere will/ will not get what you want.
venerate [V][VN] ~sb/sth (as sth)(formal) to home and show a lot of respect for sb/sth, especially sb/sth that is considered to be holy or very important.
approbation [N][V](formal) approval or agreement .
ostentation [UN](disapproving) an exaggerated display of wealth, knowledge or skill that is made in order to impress people.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
1.9 从阿珀洛尼厄斯，我懂得了意志的自由，和目标的坚定不移；懂得了在任何时候都要依赖理性，而不依赖任何别的东西；懂得了在失子和久病的剧烈痛苦中镇定如常；从他，我也清楚地看到了一个既坚定又灵活，在教导人时毫不暴躁的活的榜样；看到了一个清醒地不以他解释各种哲学原则时的经验和艺术自傲的人；从他，我也学会了如何从值得尊敬的朋友那里得到好感而又丝毫不显得卑微，或者对他们置若罔闻。
1.10 从塞克斯都，我看到了一种仁爱的气质，一个以慈爱方式管理家庭的榜样和合乎自然地生活的观念，看到了毫无矫饰的庄严，为朋友谋利的细心，对无知者和那些不假思索发表意见的人的容忍：他有一种能使自己和所有人欣然相处的能力，以致和他交往的愉快胜过任何奉承，同时，他又受到那些与其交往者的高度尊敬。他具有一种以明智和系统的方式发现和整理必要的生活原则的能力，他从不表现任何愤怒或别的激情，完全避免了激情而同时又温柔宽厚，他能够表示嘉许而毫不罗嗦，拥有渊博知识而毫不矜夸。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

31楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（6）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。如果要作为翻译练习的话，需要注意添加动词及调整语序，使你的翻译语句通顺，易于理解。
这一期和下一期的选段都是奥勒留评价他父亲的，很长，我把它分成好几段来学习，可见最亲的亲人对自己的影响是最大的。
1.15(1) In my father I observed mildness of temper, and unchangeable resolution in the things which he had determined after due deliberation; and no vainglory in those things which men call honours; and a love of labour and perseverance; and a readiness to listen to those who had anything to propose for the common weal; and undeviating firmness in giving to every man according to his deserts; and a knowledge derived from experience of the occasions for vigorous action and for remission.

Notes：
deliberation [n] 1.the process of carefully considering or discussing sth.
                 e.g.: After considering hours of deliberation, the jury returned a verdict of ‘not guilty’. (经过十小时的商议，陪审团宣告了“无罪”的裁决。)
                      2.the quality of being slow and careful in what you say or do.
                 e.g.: She signed her name with great deliberation. (她非常审慎地签上了自己的名字。)
vainglorious [adj] (literary, disapproving) too proud o your own abilities or achievements
                vainglory [u.n]
derive [v]
derive sth from sth
1.(formal) to get sth from sth. e.g.: He derived great pleasure from painting.
2.(technical) toobtain a substance from sth. e.g.: The new drug is derived from fish oil.
derive from sth| be derived from sth: to come or develop from sth. e.g.: The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city’.

1.15(2) And I observed that he had overcome all passion for boys; and he considered himself no more than any other citizen; and he released his friends from all obligation to sup with him or to attend him of necessity when he went abroad, and those who had failed to accompany him, by reason of any urgent circumstances, always found him the same. I observed too his habit of careful inquiry in all matters of deliberation, and his persistency, and that he never stopped his investigation through being satisfied with appearances which first present themselves; and that his disposition was to keep his friends, and not to be soon tired of them, nor yet to be extravagant in his affection; and to be satisfied on all occasions, and cheerful; and to foresee things a long way off, and to provide for the smallest without display; and to check immediately popular applause and all flattery; and to be ever watchful over the things which were necessary for the administration of the empire, and to be a good manager of the expenditure, and patiently to endure the blame which he got for such conduct; and he was neither superstitious with respect to the gods, nor did he court men by gifts or by trying to please them, or by flattering the populace; but he showed sobriety in all things and firmness, and never any mean thoughts or action, nor love of novelty.

Notes:
a.文中说到的“found him the same”, 让DQ我想到了最近英语课上背过的词组“a man all of a piece”，是“表里如一”的意思。通俗讲就是一个人是完整的一片（= =！），不会玩小心眼，背地里刺你一刀什么的。奥勒留的父亲希望手下做该做的事而不是整天围在自己的身边喝茶，问安。
b. "a habit of careful inquiry in all matters of deliberation" 深究所有值得考虑的事情的习惯。我们活在这个每天用“140字符”表达观点的“微博时代”，深入思考一些问题变得很难，往往是发现问题，但后续的思考没有跟上，更不用说采取什么行动，所以我们只是在原地踏步。
c. "be satisfied on all occasions" 对所有环境都感到满足和快乐
d. "foresee things a long way off" 富有远见。
e. "sobriety in all things and firmness", being sensible and serious. 是多么可贵的精神啊！

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
1.15(1) 在我的父亲那里，我看到了一种温柔的气质，和在他经过适当的考虑之后对所决定的事情的不可更改的决心；在世人认为光荣的事情上他毫无骄矜之心，热爱劳作，持之以恒，乐意倾听对公共福利提出的建议；在论功行赏方面毫不动摇，并拥有一种从经验中获得的辨别精力充沛和软弱无力的行动的知识。
1.15(2) 我注意到克服了对孩子的所有激情；他把自己视为与任何别的公民一样平等的公民；他解除了他的朋友要与他一起喝茶，或者在他去国外时必须觐见他的所有义务，那些由于紧急事务而没有陪伴他的人，总是发现他对他们一如往常。我也看到了他仔细探讨所有需要考虑的事情的习惯，他坚持不懈，决不因对初步印象的满足就停止他的探究；他有一种保持友谊的气质，不会很快厌倦朋友，同时又不放纵自己的柔情；他对所有环境都感到满足和快乐；能不夸示地显微知着，富有远见；他直接阻止流行的赞颂和一切谄媚；对帝国的管理所需要的事务保持警醒，善于量入为出，精打细算，并耐心地忍受由此而来的责难；他不迷信神灵，也不以赏赐、娱乐或奉承大众而对人们献殷勤；他在所有事情上都显示出一种清醒和坚定，不表现任何卑贱的思想或行为，也不好新骛奇.

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（5）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。如果要作为翻译练习的话，需要注意添加动词及调整语序，使你的翻译语句通顺，易于理解。
几期节目做下来，在翻阅字典，输入词条释义的过程中，也窥探出一些George Long的用词习惯，你可以发现，他的用词以“formal”为主，这是与整本书的基调相吻合的。所以，同学们做翻译什么的时候，一定要注意用词，力求还原原文的行文风格，不要把脑子里蹦出来的第一个词不加思考地写下来。
1.13 From my brother Severus, to love my kin, and to love truth, and to love justice; and through him I learned to know Thrasea, Helvidius, Cato, Dion, Brutus; and from him I received the idea of a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to equal rights and equal freedom of speech, and the idea of a kingly government which respects most of all the freedom of the governed; I learned from him also consistency and undeviating steadiness in my regard for philosophy; and a disposition to do good, and to give to others readily, and to cherish good hopes, and to believe that I am loved by my friends; and in him I observed no concealment of his opinions with respect to those whom he condemned, and that his friends had no need to conjecture what he wished or did not wish, but it was quite plain.

Notes：
deviation [n] ~(from sth) the act of moving away from what is normal or acceptable; a difference form what is expected or acceptable.
              e.g.: deviation from the previously accepted norms 违背事先接受的准则
condemn [v] 1. ~ sb/sth (for/as sth) to express very strong disapproval of sb/sth, usually for moral reasons. e.g.: The government issued a statement condemning the killings. (政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。)
                   2.[usually passive] ~ sb (to sth) to say what sb’s punishment will be.
             e.g.: He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. (他因凶杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。)
另还有“迫使……接受困境”、“宣告使用……不安全”、“证明有罪”等意思。

1.14 From Maximus I learned self-government, and not to be led aside by anything; and cheerfulness in all circumstances, as well as in illness; and a just admixture in the moral character of sweetness and dignity, and to do what was set before me without complaining. I observed that everybody believed that he thought as he spoke, and that in all that he did he never had any bad intention; and he never showed amazement and surprise, and was never in a hurry, and never put off doing a thing, nor was perplexed nor dejected, nor did he ever laugh to disguise his vexation, nor, on the other hand, was he ever passionate or suspicious. He was accustomed to do acts of beneficence, and was ready to forgive, and was free from all falsehood; and he presented the appearance of a man who could not be diverted from right rather than of a man who had been improved. I observed, too, that no man could ever think that he was despised by Maximus, or ever venture to think himself a better man. He had also the art of being humorous in an agreeable way.

Notes:
disguise [v] to hide sth or change it, so that it cannot be recognized.
e.g.: She made no attempt to disguise her surprise. (她毫不掩饰自己惊奇的心情。)
另还有“降班，伪装”的意思，也可做名词，是“伪装物”、“化妆用具”或“假扮”的意思。
e.g.: He is a master of disguise. (他是伪装能手。)
vexation [n] (old-fashioned or formal) the state of feeling upset or annoyed.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
1.13 从我的兄弟西维勒斯，我懂得了爱我的亲人，爱真理，爱正义；从他，我知道了思雷西亚、黑尔维蒂厄斯、加图、戴昂、布鲁特斯；从他我接受了一种以同样的法对待所有人、实施权利平等和言论自由平等的政体的思想，和一种最大范围地尊重被治者的所有自由的王者之治的观念；我也从他那里获得一种对于哲学的始终一贯和坚定不移的尊重，一种行善的品质，为人随和，抱以善望，相信自己为朋友所爱；我也看到他从不隐瞒他对他所谴责的那些人的意见，他的朋友无需猜测他的意愿；这些意愿是相当透明的。
1.15 从马克西默斯，我学会了自制，不为任何东西所左右，在任何环境里和疾病中欢愉如常，在道德品格方面形成一种甜美和尊严的恰当配合；做摆在面前的事情并毫无怨言。我注意到所有人都相信思如其言，在任何行为中都不抱恶意；他从未表现过奇怪和惊骇，从不匆忙，从不拖延，从不困惑或沮丧，他不以笑声掩饰他的焦虑，另一方面也不狂热或多疑。他已习惯于仁慈的行为，随时准备宽恕，避开所有的错误；他给人的印象与其说是一贯公正，不如说是不断改善。我也注意到：任何人都不能认为受到了他的蔑视，或者敢自认是比他更好的人。他也具有一种令人愉快的幽默的本领。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

30楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（8）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。
今天的笔记是卷一的最后一部分内容了，这段是总分的结构。先总起表达奥勒留对众神明的感恩，感谢神明的恩赐让自己的周围有这么多优秀的人，然后分说概括每一个人物的品质。因为篇幅的关系，只是节选了原文的一点点内容，大家可以找来原文，一边看，一边是否也能回忆起自己接触过的人们身上所具有的美好的品质。
1.16(1) To the gods I am indebted for having good grandfathers, good parents, a good sister, good teachers, good associates, good kinsmen and friends, nearly everything good. Further, I owe it to the gods that I was not hurried into any offence against any of them, though I had a disposition which, if opportunity had offered, might have led me to do something of this kind; but, through their favour, there never was such a concurrence of circumstances as put me to the trial.

Notes：
indebted [adj]
      1. ~ (to sb) (for sth) (formal) grateful to sb for helping you
      2. (of countries, governments, etc.) owing money to other countries or organizations
         e.g.: a list of the fifteen most heavily indebted nations 十五个负债最重的国家名单
concurrence [n] (formal)
      1. agreement
        e.g.: The doctor may seek the concurrence of a relative before carrying out the procedure. 医生可以征得亲属的同意后再施行此项手术。
      2. an example of two or more things happening at the same time.
1.16(2) Though it was my mother's fate to die young, she spent the last years of her life with me; that, whenever I wished to help any man in his need, or on any other occasion, I was never told that I had not the means of doing it; and that to myself the same necessity never happened, to receive anything from another; that I have such a wife, so obedient, and so affectionate, and so simple; that I had abundance of good masters for my children.

Notes：
obedient [adj] ~ (to sb/sth) doing what you are told to do; willing to obey
e.g.: He was always obedient to his father’s wishes. 他一向顺从父亲的意愿。
[opp] disobedient

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
1.16(1) 我为我有好的祖辈、好的父母、好的姐妹、好的教师、好的同伴、好的亲朋和几乎好的一切而感谢神明。我也为此而感谢神明：我没有卷入对他们任何一个的冒犯。虽然我有这样一种气质，如果有机会是可能使我做出这种事情的，但是，由于他们的好意，还没有这种机缘凑巧使我经受这种考验。
1.16(2)虽然我母亲不能尽其天年而终，但她最后的年月是与我在一起的；在我希望帮助任何需要帮助的人的时候，或在任何别的场合，我都不感到我缺乏这样做的手段；而对我自己来说却不会有同样的需要：即需要从别人那里得到的东西；我有一个十分温顺、深情和朴实的妻子；我有许多优秀的教师来教育我的孩子。

卷一：品质闪烁在良好的传承中（7）

小编语：在卷一中，奥勒留回忆自己身边之人所教会自己的东西，George Long的翻译十分精炼，有些看起来也许不成句子，仅仅是一些词组和短语，但就在字里行间，我们可以感受到作者的思考与自省。
这一期我们继续学习奥勒留评价他父亲的段落。这一期选择记笔记的词都是很常用的，但是在翻译过程中，往往这些常见的词就最难表达的，因为随着语境的不同，能够派生出很多的意思，所以不能照搬词典的解释，而要做适当的意译。
1.15(3) And the things which conduce in any way to the commodity of life, and of which fortune gives an abundant supply, he used without arrogance and without excusing himself; so that when he had them, he enjoyed them without affectation, and when he had them not, he did not want them. No one could ever say of him that he was either a sophist or a home-bred flippant slave or a pedant; but everyone acknowledged him to be a man ripe, perfect, above flattery, able to manage his own and other men's affairs.

Notes：
abundant [adj](formal) existing in large quantities; more than enough
acknowledge + sb or sth/sb to be/ that/sb (as sth) 承认
     e.g.: 1) I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. [V that]
             2) She refuses to acknowledge the need reform. [VN]
             3) He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world. [VN to inf 动词+名词短语+带to的不定时]

1.15(4) Besides this, he honoured those who were true philosophers, and he did not reproach those who pretended to be philosophers, nor yet was he easily led by them. He was also easy in conversation, and he made himself agreeable without any offensive affectation. He took a reasonable care of his body's health, not as one who was greatly attached to life, nor out of regard to personal appearance, nor yet in a careless way, but so that, through his own attention, he very seldom stood in need of the physician's art or of medicine or external applications. He was most ready to give way without envy to those who possessed any particular faculty, such as that of eloquence or knowledge of the law or of morals, or of anything else; and he gave them his help, that each might enjoy reputation according to his deserts; and he always acted conformably to the institutions of his country, without showing any affectation of doing so. Further, he was not fond of change nor unsteady, but he loved to stay in the same places, and to employ himself about the same things; and after his paroxysms of headache he came immediately fresh and vigorous to his usual occupations.

Notes:
agreeable [adj](formal)
      1. pleasant and easy to like
      2.[not before noun] ~ (to sth) willing to do sth or allow sth.
             e.g.: Do you think they will be agreeable to our proposal?
      3. ~ (to sb) able to be accepted by sb
              e.g.: The deal must be agreeable to both sides.处理方法必须是双方都可以接受的。
eloquent [adj]
      1.able to use language and express your opinions well.
      2. (of a look or movement) able to express a feeling
   eloquence [n]
             e.g.: a speech of passionate eloquence 热情洋溢的演讲
                    the eloquence of his smile 他意味深长的微笑

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：1.15(3) 对于幸运所赐的丰富的有益于生命的东西，他不炫耀也不推辞，所以，当他拥有这些东西时，他享受它们且毫不做作；而当他没有这些东西时，他也不渴求它们。没有人能说他像一个诡辩家、一个能说会道的家奴，或者卖弄学问的人，而都承认他是成熟的人，完善的人，不受奉承的影响，能够安排他自己和别人事务的人。
1.15(4) 除此之外他尊重那些真正的哲学家，他不谴责那些自称是哲学家的人，同时又不易受他们的影响。他在社交方面也是容易相处的，他使人感到惬意且毫无损人的装腔作势。他对他的身体健康有一种合理的关心，他既不是太依恋生命，又不是对个人的形象漠不关心（虽然还是有点漫不经心），但他通过自己的注意，仍然很少需要看医生、吃药或进补品。他很乐意并毫无嫉妒心地给拥有任何特殊才能的人开路，像那些具有雄辩才能或拥有法律、道德等知识的人，他给他们以帮助，使每个人都能依其长处而享有名声；他总是按照他的国家的制度行事并毫不做作。而且，他不喜欢变动不居，而是爱好住在同一个地方，专注于同一件事情，在他的头痛病发作过去之后，他又马上焕然一新，精力充沛地去做他通常的工作。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

29楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷二（2）

小编语：到第二卷啦！感觉这本书真的很难懂的啊，英文也好，中文也好，都需要反反复复揣摩，不过，不要放弃哦，一点一点地看，肯定是有收获滴。
2.3 Do the things external which fall upon thee distract thee? Give thyself time to learn something new and good, and cease to be whirled around. But then thou must also avoid being carried about the other way. For those too are triflers who have wearied themselves in life by their activity, and yet have no object to which to direct every movement, and, in a word, all their thoughts.

Notes：
whirl [v] to move, or make sb/sth move, around quickly in a circle or in a particular direction.
[IDM] give sth a whirl (informal) to try sth to see if you like it or can do it.

2.4 Through not observing what is in the mind of another a man has seldom been seen to be unhappy; but those who do not observe the movements of their own minds must of necessity be unhappy.
2.5 This thou must always bear in mind, what is the nature of the whole, and what is my nature, and how this is related to that, and what kind of a part it is of what kind of a whole; and that there is no one who hinders thee from always doing and saying the things which are according to the nature of which thou art a part.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
2.3 你碰到的外部事物使你分心吗？给出时间来学习新的和好的东西而停止兜圈子吧。但你也必须避免被带到另一条道路。因为那些在生活中被自己的活动弄得精疲力尽的人也是放浪者，他们没有目标来引导每一个行为，总之，他们的所有思想都是无目的的。
2.4 不要去注意别人心里在想什么，一个人就很少会被看成是不幸福的，而那些不注意他们自己内心的活动的人却必然是不幸的。
2.5 你必须总是把这记在心里：什么是整体的本性，什么是我的本性，两者怎么联系，我的本性是一个什么性质的整体的一部分；没有人阻止你说或者做那符合本性（你是其中的一部分）的事情。

卷二（1）

小编语：到第二卷啦！感觉这本书真的很难懂的啊，英文也好，中文也好，都需要反反复复揣摩，不过，不要放弃哦，一点一点地看，肯定是有收获滴。
2.1 Whatever this is that I am, it is a little flesh and breath, and the ruling part. Throw away thy books; no longer distract thyself: it is not allowed; but as if thou wast now dying, despise the flesh; it is blood and bones and a network, a contexture of nerves, veins, and arteries. See the breath also, what kind of a thing it is, air, and not always the same, but every moment sent out and again sucked in. The third then is the ruling part: consider thus: Thou art an old man; no longer let this be a slave, no longer be pulled by the strings like a puppet to unsocial movements, no longer either be dissatisfied with thy present lot, or shrink from the future.

Notes：
thy [pron.](also thine) (old use) a word meaning ‘your’, used when talking to only one person.
thou [pron.](old use or dialect) a word meaning ‘you’, used when talking to only one person who is the subject of the word.
e.g.: Thou art indeed just, Lord. (上主，您是正义的。)
thou art = you are
2.2 All that is from the gods is full of Providence. That which is from fortune is not separated from nature or without an interweaving and involution with the things which are ordered by Providence. From thence all things flow; and there is besides necessity, and that which is for the advantage of the whole universe, of which thou art a part. But that is good for every part of nature which the nature of the whole brings, and what serves to maintain this nature. Now the universe is preserved, as by the changes of the elements so by the changes of things compounded of the elements. Let these principles be enough for thee, let them always be fixed opinions. But cast away the thirst after books, that thou mayest not die murmuring, but cheerfully, truly, and from thy heart thankful to the gods.

Notes：
Providence [n] God, or a force that some people believe controls our lives and the things that happen to us, usually in a way that protects us.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
2.1 不论我是什么人，都只是一小小的肉体、呼吸和支配部分。丢开你的书吧；不要再让你分心，分心是不允许的；但仿佛你现在濒临死亡、轻视这肉体吧；那只是血液、骨骼和一种网状组织，一种神经、静脉和动脉的结构。也看看呼吸，它是一种什么东西？空气，并不总是同样的空气，而是每一刻都在排出和再吸入的空气。那第三就是支配部分了：这样来考虑它，你是一个老人；不要再让这成为一个奴隶，不要再像线拉木偶一样做反社会的运动，不要再不满意你现在的命运，或者躲避将来。
2.2 所有从神而来的东西都充满神意。那来自命运的东西并不脱离本性，并非与神命令的事物没有关系和干连。所有的事物都从此流出；此外有一种必然，那是为着整个宇宙的利益的，而你是它的一部分。但整体的本性所带来的，对于本性的每一都是好的，有助于保持这一本性。而现在宇宙是通过各种元素及由这些元素组成的事物的变化保存其存在的。让这些原则对你有足够的力量，让它们总是决定你的意见吧。丢开对书本的渴望，你就能不抱怨着死去，而是欢乐、真诚地在衷心感谢神灵中死去。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

28楼 2012-09-02

Re:连载中 9.1 18至27楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷二（4）

小编语：到第二卷啦！感觉这本书真的很难懂的啊，英文也好，中文也好，都需要反反复复揣摩，不过，不要放弃哦，一点一点地看，肯定是有收获滴。
2.8 The soul of man does violence to itself, first of all, when it becomes an abscess and, as it were, a tumour on the universe, so far as it can. For to be vexed at anything which happens is a separation of ourselves from nature, in some part of which the natures of all other things are contained. In the next place, the soul does violence to itself when it turns away from any man, or even moves towards him with the intention of injuring, such as are the souls of those who are angry. In the third place, the soul does violence to itself when it is overpowered by pleasure or by pain. Fourthly, when it plays a part, and does or says anything insincerely and untruly. Fifthly, when it allows any act of its own and any movement to be without an aim, and does anything thoughtlessly and without considering what it is, it being right that even the smallest things be done with reference to an end; and the end of rational animals is to follow the reason and the law of the most ancient city and polity.

Notes：
这段的结构挺工整的，为了阐述“The soul of man does violence to itself” 这个观点，提出了五点理由。平时写作文的时候可以借鉴一下结构。
ascend [n] a swollen and infected area on your skin or in your body, full of a thick yellowwish liquid.
vex [v] (old-fashionshed or formal) to annoy or worry sb.
e.g.: The memory of their conversationstill vexed him.他想起他们的谈话，仍然感到恼火。
2.9 Of human life the time is a point, and the substance is in a flux, and the perception dull, and the composition of the whole body subject to putrefaction, and the soul a whirl, and fortune hard to divine, and fame a thing devoid of judgement. And, to say all in a word, everything which belongs to the body is a stream, and what belongs to the soul is a dream and vapour, and life is a warfare and a stranger's sojourn, and after-fame is oblivion. What then is that which is able to conduct a man? One thing and only one, philosophy. But this consists in keeping the daemon within a man free from violence and unharmed, superior to pains and pleasures, doing nothing without purpose, nor yet falsely and with hypocrisy, not feeling the need of another man's doing or not doing anything; and besides, accepting all that happens, and all that is allotted, as coming from thence, wherever it is, from whence he himself came; and, finally, waiting for death with a cheerful mind, as being nothing else than a dissolution of the elements of which every living being is compounded. But if there is no harm to the elements themselves in each continually changing into another, why should a man have any apprehension about the change and dissolution of all the elements? For it is according to nature, and nothing is evil which is according to nature.

Notes：
这是第二卷的最后一部分，作者再次强调的哲学的重要性。尊重自然法则，看淡死亡。
to say all in a word 一言以蔽之。写作文常用来总结全文的短语。类似的相信大家也能举出很多，比如：in conclusion, last but not least, above of all等等。
hypocrisy [n] (disapproving) behaviour in which sb pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have.
e.g.: He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another.
allot [v] ~sth(to sb/sth)|~(sb/sth)sth to give time, money, tasks, etc. to sb/sth as a share of what is available.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
2.8 人的灵魂的确摧残自身，首先是在它变成宇宙的一个肿块的，或者说，就其可能而言变成一个赘生物的时候。因为，为发生的事情烦恼就是使我们自己脱离本性－所有别的事物的本性都包含在这一本性的某一部分之中。其次，灵魂摧残自身是在它被什么人排斥甚或怀着恶意攻击的时候，那些愤怒的人的灵魂就是这样。第三，灵魂摧残自身是在它被快乐或痛苦压倒的时候。第四，灵魂摧残自身是在它扮演一个角色，言行不真诚的时候。第五，是在它让自己的行动漫无目标，不加考虑和不辨真相地做事的时候，因为甚至最小的事情也只有在参照一个来做时才是对的，而理性动物的目的就是要遵循理性和最古老的城邦和政府的法律。
2.9 在人的生活中，时间是瞬息即逝的一个点，实体处在流动之中，知觉是迟钝的，整个身体的结构容易分解，灵魂是一涡流，命运之谜不可解，名声并非根据明智的判断。一言以蔽之，属于身体的一切只是一道激流，属于灵魂的只是一个梦幻，生命是一场战争，一个过客的旅居，身后的名声也迅速落入忘川。那么一个人靠什么指引呢？惟有哲学。而这就在于使一个人心中的神不受摧残，不受伤害，免于痛苦和快乐，不做无目的事情，而且毫不虚伪和欺瞒，并不感到需要别人做或不做任何事情，此外，接受所有对他发生的事情，所有分配给他的份额，不管它们是什么，就好象它们是从那儿，从他自己所来的地方来的；最后，以一种欢乐的心情等待死亡，把死亡看做不是别的，只是组成一切生物的元素的分解。而如果在一个事物不断变化的过程中元素本身并没有受到损害，为什么一个人竟忧虑所有这些元素的变化和分解呢？因为死是合乎本性的，而合乎本性的东西都不是

卷二（3）

小编语：到第二卷啦！感觉这本书真的很难懂的啊，英文也好，中文也好，都需要反反复复揣摩，不过，不要放弃哦，一点一点地看，肯定是有收获滴。
2.6 If any one is afraid of an operation of nature, he is a child. This, however, is not only an operation of nature, but it is also a thing which conduces to the purposes of nature.
2.7 Nothing is more wretched than a man who traverses everything in a round, and pries into the things beneath the earth, as the poet says, and seeks by conjecture what is in the minds of his neighbours, without perceiving that it is sufficient to attend to the daemon within him, and to reverence it sincerely. And reverence of the daemon consists in keeping it pure from passion and thoughtlessness, and dissatisfaction with what comes from gods and men. For the things from the gods merit veneration for their excellence; and the things from men should be dear to us by reason of kinship; and sometimes even, in a manner, they move our pity by reason of men's ignorance of good and bad; this defect being not less than that which deprives us of the power of distinguishing things that are white and black.

Notes：
wretched [adj] ①(of a person) feeling ill/sick or unhappy; ②extremely bad or unpleasant; ③making you feel sympathy or pity; ④[only before moun] used to show that you think that sb/sth is extremely annoying
conjecture [n](formal) ①[C] an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge and is formed by guessing.  e.g.: The true of hid conjecture was confirmed by the newspaper report. 新闻报道证明了他的推测果然不假。
                                 ② the forming of an opinion or idea that is not based on definite knowledge.  e.g.: What was going through the killer's mind is a matter for conjecture. 凶手作案时心里怎么想的，这个问题只能有人们去推测了。
                [v](formal) to form an opinion about sth even though you do not have much informationon it.
reverence [n] ~ (for sb/sth) (formal) a feeling or great respect or admiration for sb/sth
    e.g.: The poem conceys his deep reverence for nature. 这首诗表达了他对大自然的深深崇拜之情。
merit [v] (not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时) (formal) to do sth to deserve praise, attention, etc.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
2.6 如果有什么人害怕自然的运转，那他只是个稚气未脱的孩子。无论如何，死亡不仅是自然的一种运转，也是一件有利于自然之目的事情。
2.7 没有比这更悲惨的了：一个人旋转着穿越一切，像诗人说的那样打听地下的事情，猜测他的邻人心里的想法，不知道只要专注于他心中的神并真诚地尊奉他就足够了。对心中神的尊奉在于使心灵免于激情和无价值的思想而保持纯洁，不要不满于那来自神灵和人们的东西。因为，来自神灵的东西，因其优越性是值得我们尊敬的；而来自人的东西，因我们与他们是亲族的缘故是我们应当珍重的。有时他们甚至在某种程度上因对善恶的无知而引起我们的怜悯，这种不辨善恶的缺陷并不亚于不辨黑白的缺陷。

[ 此帖被沅牧生。在2012-09-02 12:21重新编辑 ]

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

27楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐02

小编语：到第三卷啦！个人倒是更喜欢这一卷，你呢？
3.3 Do not waste the remainder of thy life in thoughts about others, when thou dost not refer thy thoughts to some object of common utility. For thou losest the opportunity of doing something else when thou hast such thoughts as these, What is such a person doing, and why, and what is he saying, and what is he thinking of, and what is he contriving, and whatever else of the kind makes us wander away from the observation of our own ruling power. We ought then to check in the series of our thoughts everything that is without a purpose and useless, but most of all the over-curious feeling and the malignant; and a man should use himself to think of those things only about which if one should suddenly ask, What hast thou now in thy thoughts? With perfect openness thou mightest, immediately answer, This or That; so that from thy words it should be plain that everything in thee is simple and benevolent, and such as befits a social animal, and one that cares not for thoughts about pleasure or sensual enjoyments at all, nor has any rivalry or envy and suspicion, or anything else for which thou wouldst blush if thou shouldst say that thou hadst it in thy mind.

Notes：
contrive [v]
   ~to do sth: to manage to do something despite difficulties;
   ~sth: to succeed in making something happen despite difficulties; to think of or make something, for example a plan or a machine, in a clever way
benevolent [adj]
   1. (formal)(especially of peaple in authority) kind, helpful and generous
       [opp]malevolent
   2. used in the names of some organizations that give help and money to people in need
3.4 Labour not unwillingly, nor without regard to the common interest, nor without due consideration, nor with distraction; nor let studied ornament set off thy thoughts, and be not either a man of many words, or busy about too many things. And further, let the deity which is in thee be the guardian of a living being, manly and of ripe age, and engaged in matter political, and a Roman, and a ruler, who has taken his post like a man waiting for the signal which summons him from life, and ready to go, having need neither of oath nor of any man's testimony. Be cheerful also, and seek not external help nor the tranquility which others give. A man then must stand erect, not be kept erect by others.

Notes：
ornament [n] an object that is used as decoration in a room, garden/yard, etc. rather than for a particular purpose.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
3.3 当你不把你的思想指向公共福利的某个目标时，不要把你剩下的生命浪费在思考别人上。因为，当你有这思想时，你就丧失了做别的事情的机会。这个人在做什么，为什么做，他说了什么，想了什么，争论什么，注意所有这些事情将使我们忽略了观察我们自己的支配力量。所以我们应当在我们的思想行进中抑制一切无目的和无价值的想法，以及大量好奇和恶意的情感；一个人应当仅仅使他想这样一些事：即当别人突然问："你现在想什么？"他都能完全坦白地直接回答：想这个或那个，并且从你的话里清楚地表明：你心中的一切都是朴实和仁爱的，都有利于一个社会动物，你是一个全然不关注快乐或感官享受的人，也没有敌意、嫉妒和疑心，或者有任何别的你说出来会感到脸红的念头。
3.4 不要不情愿地劳作，不要不尊重公共利益，不要不加以适当的考虑，不要分心，不要虚有学问的外表而丧失自己的思想，也不要成为喋喋不休或忙忙碌碌的人。而且，让你心中的神成为一个保护者，一个有生命的存在的保护者，一个介入政治的成熟的男子的保护者，一个罗马人，一个统治者的保护者。这个统治者像一个等待从生活中召唤他的信号的人一样接受了自己的职位，无需誓约也无需别人的证言。同时也欢乐吧，不寻求外在的帮助也不要别人给的安宁。这样，一个人就必然笔直的站立，而不是让别人扶着直立。

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐01

小编语：到第三卷啦！
3.1 WE OUGHT to consider not only that our life is daily wasting away and a smaller part of it is left, but another thing also must be taken into the account, that if a man should live longer, it is quite uncertain whether the understanding will still continue sufficient for the comprehension of things, and retain the power of contemplation which strives to acquire the knowledge of the divine and the human. For if he shall begin to fall into dotage, perspiration and nutrition and imagination and appetite, and whatever else there is of the kind, will not fail; but the power of making use of ourselves, and filling up the measure of our duty, and clearly separating all appearances, and considering whether a man should now depart from life, and whatever else of the kind absolutely requires a disciplined reason, all this is already extinguished. We must make haste then, not only because we are daily nearer to death, but also because the conception of things and the understanding of them cease first.

Notes：
haste [n]speed in doing something, especially because you do not have enough time
3.2 We ought to observe also that even the things which follow after the things which are produced according to nature contain something pleasing and attractive. For instance, when bread is baked some parts are split at the surface, and these parts which thus open, and have a certain fashion contrary to the purpose of the baker's art, are beautiful in a manner, and in a peculiar way excite a desire for eating. And again, figs, when they are quite ripe, gape open; and in the ripe olives the very circumstance of their being near to rottenness adds a peculiar beauty to the fruit. And the ears of corn bending down, and the lion's eyebrows, and the foam which flows from the mouth of wild boars, and many other things- though they are far from being beautiful, if a man should examine them severally- still, because they are consequent upon the things which are formed by nature, help to adorn them, and they please the mind; so that if a man should have a feeling and deeper insight with respect to the things which are produced in the universe, there is hardly one of those which follow by way of consequence which will not seem to him to be in a manner disposed so as to give pleasure. And so he will see even the real gaping jaws of wild beasts with no less pleasure than those which painters and sculptors show by imitation; and in an old woman and an old man he will be able to see a certain maturity and comeliness; and the attractive loveliness of young persons he will be able to look on with chaste eyes; and many such things will present themselves, not pleasing to every man, but to him only who has become truly familiar with nature and her works.

Notes：
adorn [vt]to make something/somebody look more attractive by decorating it or them with something.
advorn sth/sb (with sth)

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
3.1 我们不仅应当考虑到我们的生命每日每时都在耗费，剩下的部分越来越少，而且应当考虑另一件事情，即如果一个人竟然活得久些，也没有多大把握说理解力还能继续足以使他领悟事物，还能保持那种努力获得有关神和人的知识和思考能力。因为他将在排泄、营养、想像和胃口或别的类似能力衰退之前，就开始堕入老年性昏聩，而那种运用我们自己的能力，满足我们义务标准的能力，清晰地区分各种现象的能力，考虑一个人是否应当现在辞世的能力诸如此类的能力绝对需要一种训练有素的理性，而这种性整个地已经衰退了。所以我们必须抓紧时间，这不仅是因为我们在一天天地接近死亡，而且因为对事物的观照和理解力将先行消失。
3.2 我们也应当注意到：甚至在那合乎自然地产生的事物之后出现的事物也令人欣悦和有吸引力。例如，当面包在烘烤时表面出现了某些裂痕，这些如此裂开的部分有某种不含面包师目的的形式，但在某种意义上仍然是美的，以一种特殊的方式刺激着食欲。再如无花果，当它们熟时也会裂开口；成熟的橄榄恰在它们接近腐烂时给果实增加了一种特殊的美。谷穗的低垂，狮子的睫毛，从野猪嘴里流出的泡沫，以及很多别的东西，一个人如果孤立地考察它们，虽然会觉得它们是不够美的，但由于它们是自然形成的事物的结果，所以它们还是有助于装饰它们，使心灵愉悦。所以，如果一个人对宇宙中产生的事物有一种感觉和较深的洞察力，那些作为其结果出现的事物在他看来就几乎都是以某种引起快乐的方式安排的。所以，他在观察真正的野兽的张开的下颚时，并不比看画家和雕刻家所模仿的少一些快乐，他能在一个老年人那里看到某种成熟和合宜，能以纯净的眼光打量年青人的魅力和可爱。很多这样的事情都要出现，它们并不使每个人愉悦，而是使真正熟稔自然及其作品的人愉悦。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

26楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐04

小编语：到第三卷啦！个人倒是更喜欢这一卷，你呢？
3.7 In the mind of one who is chastened and purified thou wilt find no corrupt matter, nor impurity, nor any sore skinned over. Nor is his life incomplete when fate overtakes him, as one may say of an actor who leaves the stage before ending and finishing the play. Besides, there is in him nothing servile, nor affected, nor too closely bound to other things, nor yet detached from other things, nothing worthy of blame, nothing which seeks a hiding-place.

Notes：
chasten [v] ~ sb: to make somebody feel sorry for something they have done.

3.8 Reverence the faculty which produces opinion. On this faculty it entirely depends whether there shall exist in thy ruling part any opinion inconsistent with nature and the constitution of the rational animal. And this faculty promises freedom from hasty judgement, and friendship towards men, and obedience to the gods.

Notes：
reverence [n] ~ (for sb/sth) (formal): a feeling of great respect or admiration for somebody/something

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
3.7 在进行磨炼和净化的一个人的心灵中，你不会发现任何腐朽，任何不法和任何愈合的伤口，当命运就像人们所说的使演员在剧终前离开舞台一样夺走他时，他的生命并非就因此是不完全的。此外，在他心中没有任何奴性，没有任何矫饰，他不是太紧地束缚于其他事物，同时又不是同它们分离，他无所指责，亦无所逃避。
3.8 要尊重产生意见的那种能力。在你的支配部分里是否存在着与理性动物的本性和气质不相容的意见，完全依赖于这种能力。这种能力将使你不致草率判断，使你对人友善，对神服从。

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐03

小编语：到第三卷啦！个人倒是更喜欢这一卷，你呢？
3.5 If thou findest in human life anything better than justice, truth, temperance, fortitude, and, in a word, anything better than thy own mind's self-satisfaction in the things which it enables thee to do according to right reason, and in the condition that is assigned to thee without thy own choice; if, I say, thou seest anything better than this, turn to it with all thy soul, and enjoy that which thou hast found to be the best. But if nothing appears to be better than the deity which is planted in thee, which has subjected to itself all thy appetites, and carefully examines all the impressions, and, as Socrates said, has detached itself from the persuasions of sense, and has submitted itself to the gods, and cares for mankind; if thou findest everything else smaller and of less value than this, give place to nothing else, for if thou dost once diverge and incline to it, thou wilt no longer without distraction be able to give the preference to that good thing which is thy proper possession and thy own; for it is not right that anything of any other kind, such as praise from the many, or power, or enjoyment of pleasure, should come into competition with that which is rationally and politically or practically good.

Notes：
detach [v]
   1. to remove something from something larger; to become separated from something;
       ~ sth; ~ sth from sth; ~ (from sth)
   2. ~ yourself (from sb/sth) (formal): to leave or separate yourself from somebody/something;
   3. ~ sb/sth (technical): to send a group of soldiers, etc. away from the main group, especially to do special duties.
diverge [v]
   1.to separate and go in different directions ~ from sth
   2.to be different ~(from sth)
   3.to be or become different from what is expected, planned, etc ~ from sth
3.6 Never value anything as profitable to thyself which shall compel thee to break thy promise, to lose thy self-respect, to hate any man, to suspect, to curse, to act the hypocrite, to desire anything which needs walls and curtains: for he who has preferred to everything intelligence and daemon and the worship of its excellence, acts no tragic part, does not groan, will not need either solitude or much company; and, what is chief of all, he will live without either pursuing or flying from death; but whether for a longer or a shorter time he shall have the soul inclosed in the body, he cares not at all: for even if he must depart immediately, he will go as readily as if he were going to do anything else which can be done with decency and order; taking care of this only all through life, that his thoughts turn not away from anything which belongs to an intelligent animal and a member of a civil community.

Notes：
hypocrite [n] a person who pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
3.5 假如你在人类生活中发现什么比正义、真理、节制和坚忍更好的东西，一句话，发现比你自己心灵的自足更好的东西－这种自足能使你在非你选择而分派给你的条件下，按照正确的理性行事，我说，如果你看到了比这更好的东西，就以全部身心转向它，享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐吧。然而，如果并没有什么东西比这更好，比培植在你心中的神性更好－它检视你所有的爱好，仔细考察你所有印象，并像苏格拉底所说，使自身摆脱感官的诱惑，把自身交付给神灵并关心人类；－如果你发现所有别的一切都不如它，比它价值要低，就不要给别的东西以地位吧，因为如果你一旦走上岔路、倾向于别的东西，你就将不再能够集中精力偏爱于那真正适合和属于你的善的事物了，因为，让任何别的东西－比方说众口称赞、权力或享受快乐－来同那在理性方面，在政治或实践中善的东西竞争是不对的。
3.6 不要把任何这样的事情评价为是对你有利的：即那些使你不守诺言、丧失自尊、憎恨、多疑、苛责、虚伪和欲望一切需要墙和幕的东西的事情，因为那更喜欢他自己的理性、神灵并崇拜神灵的人，他不扮演悲剧的角色，不呻吟，不需要独入或很多伙伴，最重要的是，他将在生活中不受死的诱惑也不逃避死亡，对于他的灵魂究竟在身体中寄寓多久，他是完全不关心的。因为，即便他必须马上离去，他亦将乐意地离去，就仿佛他要去做别的可以正派和体面地去做的事情一样；他在全部的生命中只关心这一点：即他的思想不要离开那属于一个理智的人、属于一个公民团体的人的一切。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

25楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐06

小编语：到第三卷啦！个人倒是更喜欢这一卷，你呢？
3.11 As physicians have always their instruments and knives ready for cases which suddenly require their skill, so do thou have principles ready for the understanding of things divine and human, and for doing everything, even the smallest, with a recollection of the bond which unites the divine and human to one another. For neither wilt thou do anything well which pertains to man without at the same time having a reference to things divine; nor the contrary.

Notes：
thou wilt [old use] used to mean ‘you will’, when talking to one person.
3.12 No longer wander at hazard; for neither wilt thou read thy own memoirs, nor the acts of the ancient Romans and Hellenes, and the selections from books which thou wast reserving for thy old age. Hasten then to the end which thou hast before thee, and throwing away idle hopes, come to thy own aid, if thou carest at all for thyself, while it is in thy power.

Notes：
memoir [n] an account written by somebody, especially somebody famous, about their life and experiences

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
3.11 就像医生总是要备好他们的器具和手术好以待突然需要他们技艺的病人一样，你也要通过回忆那把神和人统一起来的契约而备有一些原则，用来理解和人的事物，知道如何做一切甚至最小的事情。因为，若是你不同时参照神的事物，就不会把有关人的所有事情做好，反之亦然。
3.12 不要再随便地游荡，因为你将面临自己记忆力的衰退，不再能追忆古代罗马和希腊人的行为，也读不成你为自己晚年保存的书籍。那么抓紧你前面的最后一些日子，丢开无用的希望，来自己援助自己，如果你完全关心自己的话，而这是在你的力量范围之内的。

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐05

小编语：到第三卷啦！个人倒是更喜欢这一卷，你呢？
3.9 Throwing away then all things, hold to these only which are few; and besides bear in mind that every man lives only this present time, which is an indivisible point, and that all the rest of his life is either past or it is uncertain. Short then is the time which every man lives, and small the nook of the earth where he lives; and short too the longest posthumous fame, and even this only continued by a succession of poor human beings, who will very soon die, and who know not even themselves, much less him who died long ago.

Notes：
nook [n]a small quiet place or corner that is sheltered or hidden from other people.
posthumous [adj]happening, done, published, etc. after a person has died.
e.g.:A posthumous collection of her work has just been published.
3.10 If thou workest at that which is before thee, following right reason seriously, vigorously, calmly, without allowing anything else to distract thee, but keeping thy divine part pure, as if thou shouldst be bound to give it back immediately; if thou holdest to this, expecting nothing, fearing nothing, but satisfied with thy present activity according to nature, and with heroic truth in every word and sound which thou utterest, thou wilt live happy. And there is no man who is able to prevent this.

Notes：
divine [adj]1. coming from or connected with God or a god
2.(old-fashioned) wonderful; beautiful.

看了笔记注释之后，先尝试自己翻译一下吧，参考译文见下：
中文翻译：
3.9 那么把所有的东西丢开，只执着于这很少数的事情吧；此外还要记住：每个人都生存在现在这个时间里，现在是一个不可分的点，而他生命的其他部分不是已经过去就是尚未确定。因此每个人生存的时间都是短暂的，他在地上居住的那个角落是狭小的，最长久的死后名声也是短暂的，甚至这名声也只是被可怜的一代代后人所持续，这些人也将很快死去，他们甚至于不知道自己，更不必说早已死去的人了。
3.10 当你做摆在你面前的工作时，你要认真地遵循正确的理性，精力充沛，宁静致远，不分心于任何别的事情，而保持你神圣的部分纯净，仿佛你必定要直接把它归还似的；若你坚持这一点，无所欲望亦无所畏惧，满足于你现在合乎本性的活动，满足于你说出的每个词和音节中的勇敢的真诚，你就能生存得幸福。没有任何人能阻止这一点。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

24楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出01

小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.1 THAT which rules within, when it is according to nature, is so affected with respect to the events which happen, that it always easily adapts itself to that which is and is presented to it. For it requires no definite material, but it moves towards its purpose, under certain conditions however; and it makes a material for itself out of that which opposes it, as fire lays hold of what falls into it, by which a small light would have been extinguished: but when the fire is strong, it soon appropriates to itself the matter which is heaped on it, and consumes it, and rises higher by means of this very material.
Let no act be done without a purpose, nor otherwise than according to the perfect principles of art.（让任何行为都不要无目的地做出，也不要不根据完善的艺术原则做出。）

Notes：
heap [n]
  1.~(of something): an untidy pile of something
      e.g.: The building was reduced to a heap of rubble.
  2.(informal)(usually plural)a lot of things
4.2 Men seek retreats for themselves, houses in the country, sea-shores, and mountains; and thou too art wont to desire such things very much. But this is altogether a mark of the most common sort of men, for it is in thy power whenever thou shalt choose to retire into thyself. For nowhere either with more quiet or more freedom from trouble does a man retire than into his own soul, particularly when he has within him such thoughts that by looking into them he is immediately in perfect tranquility; and I affirm that tranquility is nothing else than the good ordering of the mind.

Notes：
thou shalt: used to mean ‘you shall’, when talking to one person

中文翻译：
4.1 那在我们心中的支配部分，当它合乎本性时是如此爱好那发生的事情，以致它总是容易地使自己适应于那可能发生和呈现于它的东西。因为它不要求任何确定的手段，而是在无论什么条件下都趋向于自己的目标；它甚至从它对立的东西中为自己获得手段，就像火抓住落进火焰中的东西一样。爝火会被落在它上面的东西压熄，但当火势强大时，它很快就占有和吞噬了投在它上面的东西，借助于这些东西越烧越旺。4.2 人们寻求隐退自身，他们隐居于乡村茅屋，山林海滨；你也倾向于渴望这些事情。但这完全是凡夫俗子的一个标记，因为无论什么时候你要退入自身你都可以这样做。因为一个人退到任何一个地方都不如退入自己的心灵更为宁静和更少苦恼，特别是当他在心里有这种思想的时候，通过考虑它们，他马上进入了完全的宁静。我坚持认为：宁静不过是心灵的井然有序。

卷三：享受那你认为是最好的东西的快乐07

小编语：到第三卷啦！个人倒是更喜欢这一卷，你呢？3.13 They know not how many things are signified by the words stealing, sowing, buying, keeping quiet, seeing what ought to be done; for this is not effected by the eyes, but by another kind of vision.
3.14 Body, soul, intelligence: to the body belong sensations, to the soul appetites, to the intelligence principles. To receive the impressions of forms by means of appearances belongs even to animals; to be pulled by the strings of desire belongs both to wild beasts and to men who have made themselves into women, and to a Phalaris and a Nero: and to have the intelligence that guides to the things which appear suitable belongs also to those who do not believe in the gods, and who betray their country, and do their impure deeds when they have shut the doors.// If then everything else is common to all that I have mentioned, there remains that which is peculiar to the good man, to be pleased and content with what happens, and with the thread which is spun for him; and not to defile the divinity which is planted in his breast, nor disturb it by a crowd of images, but to preserve it tranquil, following it obediently as a god, neither saying anything contrary to the truth, nor doing anything contrary to justice. And if all men refuse to believe that he lives a simple, modest, and contented life, he is neither angry with any of them, nor does he deviate from the way which leads to the end of life, to which a man ought to come pure, tranquil, ready to depart, and without any compulsion perfectly reconciled to his lot.

Notes：
deviate [v] ~(from sth) to be different from something; to do something in a different way from what is usual or expected.
e.g.: The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.

中文翻译：
3.13 他们不知道有多少事情是通过词语的偷窃、播种和购买来进行的，保持宁静吧，考察应当做什么，因为这不受眼睛而是受另一种观照力的影响。
3.14 身体、灵魂、理智；感觉属于身体；爱好属于灵魂；原则属于理智。通过现象而得到形式的印象－这种能力甚至也为动物所拥有；被一连串的欲望所推动－这既属于野兽也属于把自己变成女人的男人，等于是一个法勒里斯和一个尼禄；拥有指导那看来合适的事物的理智－这也属于那些不信神的人，那些背叛祖国、关起门来做坏事的人。那么，如果所有别的一工于我刚提到的这些人都是共同的，还留下什么为善良的人们所独有呢？那就是对所有发生的事情，对为他而纺的命运之线感到满意和愉悦；就是玷污和不以一堆形象搅乱植入他心中的神性，而是使它保持宁静，把它作为一个神而忠顺地服从它，决不说任何违背真理的话，不做违背正义的事。即使所有别人都不相信他是过着一种简朴、谦虚和满足的生活，他也决不对他们中的任何一个人感到愤怒，也不偏离那引到生命的终结的这条道路，循此一个人应当达到纯粹，宁静，乐意离去，没有任何强迫地完全安心于他的命运。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

23楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出03

小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.5 This then remains: Remember to retire into this little territory of thy own, and above all do not distract or strain thyself, but be free, and look at things as a man, as a human being, as a citizen, as a mortal. But among the things readiest to thy hand to which thou shalt turn, let there be these, which are two. One is that things do not touch the soul, for they are external and remain immovable; but our perturbations come only from the opinion which is within. The other is that all these things, which thou seest, change immediately and will no longer be; and constantly bear in mind how many of these changes thou hast already witnessed. The universe is transformation: life is opinion.

Notes：
immovable [adj]
      1. that cannot be moved
      2. impossible to change or persuade
perturbation [n]
      1. the state of feeling anxious about something that has happened
      2. a small change in the quality, behaviour or movement of something
4.6 Death is such as generation is, a mystery of nature; a composition out of the same elements, and a decomposition into the same; and altogether not a thing of which any man should be ashamed, for it is not contrary to the nature of a reasonable animal, and not contrary to the reason of our constitution.

中文翻译：
4.5 那么仍旧把这牢记在心：记住退入你自身的小小疆域，尤其不要使你分心或紧张，而是保持自由，像一个人，一个人的存在，一个公民，一个有死者一样去看待事物。在你手边你容易碰到并注意的事物，让它们存在吧，那无非是这两种事物：一种是不接触心灵的事物，它们是外在的，不可改变的，但我们的烦仅来自内心的意见；另一种是所有这些事物，你看到它们是很快改变和消失的；始终牢记你已经目击过多少这样的变化。宇宙是流变，生活是意见。4.6 死亡像生殖一样是自然的一个秘密，是同一些元素的组合与分解，而全然不是人应当羞愧的事情，因为它并不违反一个理性动物的本性，不违反我们的结构之理。

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出02

小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.3 Constantly then give to thyself this retreat, and renew thyself; and let thy principles be brief and fundamental, which, as soon as thou shalt recur to them, will be sufficient to cleanse the soul completely, and to send thee back free from all discontent with the things to which thou returnest. For with what art thou discontented? With the badness of men? Recall to thy mind this conclusion, that rational animals exist for one another, and that to endure is a part of justice, and that men do wrong involuntarily; and consider how many already, after mutual enmity, suspicion, hatred, and fighting, have been stretched dead, reduced to ashes; and be quiet at last.

Notes：
discontent [n] ~ (at/over/with something) a feeling of being unhappy because you are not satisfied with a particular situation; something that makes you have this feeling.

4.4 But perhaps thou art dissatisfied with that which is assigned to thee out of the universe.- Recall to thy recollection this alternative; either there is providence or atoms, fortuitous concurrence of things; or remember the arguments by which it has been proved that the world is a kind of political community, and be quiet at last.- But perhaps corporeal things will still fasten upon thee.- Consider then further that the mind mingles not with the breath, whether moving gently or violently, when it has once drawn itself apart and discovered its own power, and think also of all that thou hast heard and assented to about pain and pleasure, and be quiet at last.- But perhaps the desire of the thing called fame will torment thee.- See how soon everything is forgotten, and look at the chaos of infinite time on each side of the present, and the emptiness of applause, and the changeableness and want of judgement in those who pretend to give praise, and the narrowness of the space within which it is circumscribed, and be quiet at last. For the whole earth is a point, and how small a nook in it is this thy dwelling, and how few are there in it, and what kind of people are they who will praise thee.

Notes：

atom [n] the smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
fortuitous [adj] happening by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result.
corporeal [adj]1. that can be touched; physical rather than spiritual;
                     2. of or for the body.
circumscribe [v] ~ sth
       1. to limit somebody/something's freedom, rights, power, etc.
       2. to draw a circle around another shape.

中文翻译：
4.3 那么你不断地使自己做这种隐退吧，更新你自己吧，让你的原则简单而又基本，这样，一旦你要诉诸它们，它们就足以完全地净化心灵，使你排除所有的不满而重返家园。因为，你是对什么不满呢？是对人们的邪恶不满吗？那就让你的心灵回忆起这一结论吧：理性的动物是互相依存的，忍受亦是正义的一部分，人们是不自觉地行恶的；考虑一下有多少人在相互敌视、怀疑、仇恨、战斗之后已经死去而化为灰烬；那就会终于使你安静下来。－但也许你是不满于从宇宙中分配给你的东西－那么转而回忆一下这一思想：想想要末是神存在，要末是原子，即事物的偶然配合存在；或者想想这些论据，它们证明了这个世界是一个政治社会，那最终会使你安静。
4.4 但也许有形的事物还是要抓住你－那么进一步考虑一下：当心灵一旦使自己与身体分开，发现了它自己的力量，它就不论是在平缓还是激烈地活动中，都不会使自己与呼吸相混；也再想想你在痛苦和快乐方面所有你听到的和同意的；你将最终使你安静。－但也许对于所谓名声的愿望将要折磨你－那么看一看一切事物是多么快地被忘却，看一看过去和未来的无限时间的混沌；看一看赞美的空洞，看一看那些装作给出赞扬的人们判断的多变和贫乏，以及赞扬所被限定的范围的狭隘，那么最终使你自己安静吧。因为整个地球是一个点，你居住的地方又是地球上一个多么小的角落啊，在它上面存在的东西是多么的少啊，而要赞扬你的人又是什么样的人呢？

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

22楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出05

小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.11 Consider that everything which happens, happens justly, and if thou observest carefully, thou wilt find it to be so. I do not say only with respect to the continuity of the series of things, but with respect to what is just, and as if it were done by one who assigns to each thing its value. Observe then as thou hast begun; and whatever thou doest, do it in conjunction with this, the being good, and in the sense in which a man is properly understood to be good. Keep to this in every action.

Notes：
conjunction [n]
    1.a word that joins words, phrases or sentences, for example ‘and’, ‘but’, ‘or’
    2.a combination of events, etc, that causes a particular result
    3.the fact of stars, planets, etc. passing close together as seen from the earth
4.12 Do not have such an opinion of things as he has who does thee wrong, or such as he wishes thee to have, but look at them as they are in truth.

中文翻译：
4.11 把一切发生的事情都看做是正当地发生的事情，如果仔细地观察，你将发现它就是这样。我在此不仅是指事物素列的连续性，而且指正当本身，仿佛它是由一个分派给每一事物以价值的人所做的。那么像你开始时那样观察，无论你做什么，都参照着善，参照着你将在此意义上被理解为是善的来做它，在一切行动中都贯彻这一点。4.12 不要对事物抱一种那错待你的人所抱的同样意见，或者抱一种他希望你有的意见，而是要按其本来面目看待事物。

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出04

小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.7 It is natural that these things should be done by such persons, it is a matter of necessity; and if a man will not have it so, he will not allow the fig-tree to have juice. But by all means bear this in mind, that within a very short time both thou and he will be dead; and soon not even your names will be left behind.
4.8 Take away thy opinion, and then there is taken away the complaint, "I have been harmed." Take away the complaint, "I have been harmed," and the harm is taken away.
4.9 That which does not make a man worse than he was, also does not make his life worse, nor does it harm him either from without or from within.
4.10 The nature of that which is universally useful has been compelled to do this.

Notes：
compel [v] 1.to force somebody to do something; to make something necessary.
2.to cause a particular reaction.

中文翻译：
4.7 这些坏事应当由这样一些人做是自然的，这是一种必然的事情，如果一个人不允许这样，就等于不允许无花果树有汁液。但无论如何要把这牢记在心：你和他都要在一个很短的时间里死去，不久甚至连你的名字都要被人忘却。
4.8 丢开你的意见，那么你就丢开了这种抱怨："我受到了伤害。"而丢开"我受到了伤害"的抱怨，这伤害也就消失了。
4.9 那并不会使一个人变坏的东西，也不会使他的生活变坏，不会从外部或内部损伤他。
4.10 那普遍有用的东西的本性不得不如此行。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

21楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出07

小编语：看着今天的第一段话，真是很有感触啊。没多少人能变成这样，芸芸众生还是会活在周围的环境里，关心别人，与别人比较,或是活在别人的评价里。不过这样的人一定是会孤独的吧，他们的心智更为成熟，他们的意志更加坚定，也更加的相信自己。
4.16 How much trouble he avoids who does not look to see what his neighbour says or does or thinks, but only to what he does himself, that it may be just and pure; or as Agathon says, look not round at the depraved morals of others, but run straight along the line without deviating from it.

Notes：
deprave [v] to make somebody morally bad
deviate [v] to be different from something; to do something in a different way from what is usual or expected.
4.17 He who has a vehement desire for posthumous fame does not consider that every one of those who remember him will himself also die very soon; then again also they who have succeeded them, until the whole remembrance shall have been extinguished as it is transmitted through men who foolishly admire and perish. But suppose that those who will remember are even immortal, and that the remembrance will be immortal, what then is this to thee? And I say not what is it to the dead, but what is it to the living? What is praise except indeed so far as it has a certain utility? For thou now rejectest unseasonably the gift of nature, clinging to something else...

Notes：
vehement [adj] showing very strong feelings, especially anger.
posthumous [adj] happening, done, published, etc. after a person has died
4.16 那不去探究他的邻人说什么、做什么或想什么，而只注意他自己所做的，注意那公正和纯洁的事情的人，或者像厄加刺翁所说，那不环顾别人的道德堕落，而只是沿着正直的道路前进的人，为自己免去了多少烦恼啊！
4.17 那对身后的名声有一强烈欲望的人没有想到那些回忆他的人自己很快也都要死去，然后他们的子孙也要死去，直到全部的记忆都通过那些愚蠢地崇拜和死去的人们而终归湮灭无闻。但假设那些将记住他的人甚至是永生不死的，因而这记忆将是记恒的，那么这对你又意味着什么呢？我不说这对死者意味着什么，而是说这对生者意味着什么。赞扬，除非它的确有某种用途，此外还是什么呢？由于你现在不合宜地拒绝了自然的这一礼物，而依附于别的一些事物……

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出06

小编语：第四卷，继续我们的沉思之旅~
4.13 A man should always have these two rules in readiness; the one, to do only whatever the reason of the ruling and legislating faculty may suggest for the use of men; the other, to change thy opinion, if there is any one at hand who sets thee right and moves thee from any opinion. But this change of opinion must proceed only from a certain persuasion, as of what is just or of common advantage, and the like, not because it appears pleasant or brings reputation.
4.14 Hast thou reason? I have.- Why then dost not thou use it? For if this does its own work, what else dost thou wish?
4.15 Do not act as if thou wert going to live ten thousand years. Death hangs over thee. While thou livest, while it is in thy power, be good.

中文翻译：
4.13 一个人应当总是把这两条规则作为座右铭：一是仅仅做那支配的和立法的理性能力所建议的有关对待人们利益的事情；另一是如果身边有什么人使你正确和使你摆脱意见，那就改变你的意见。但这种意见的改变必须仅仅来自某种说服，就像对于何为公正或何为合乎共同利益之类问题的说服一样，而不是由于它看来仅人愉快或带来名声。4.14 你有理性吗？我有。那为什么你不运用它呢？是因为当它要走这条路，你却希望别的东西吗？
4.15 不要像仿佛你将活一千年那样行动。死亡窥伺着你。当你活着，当善是在你力量范围之内，你行善吧。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

20楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出08

小编语：关于人死后，肉体和灵魂的归宿……
4.18 Everything which is in any way beautiful is beautiful in itself, and terminates in itself, not having praise as part of itself. Neither worse then nor better is a thing made by being praised. I affirm this also of the things which are called beautiful by the vulgar, for example, material things and works of art. That which is really beautiful has no need of anything; not more than law, not more than truth, not more than benevolence or modesty. Which of these things is beautiful because it is praised, or spoiled by being blamed? Is such a thing as an emerald made worse than it was, if it is not praised? Or gold, ivory, purple, a lyre, a little knife, a flower, a shrub?

Notes：
emerald [n]a bright green precious stone
4.19 If souls continue to exist, how does the air contain them from eternity?- But how does the earth contain the bodies of those who have been buried from time so remote? For as here the mutation of these bodies after a certain continuance, whatever it may be, and their dissolution make room for other dead bodies; so the souls which are removed into the air after subsisting for some time are transmuted and diffused, and assume a fiery nature by being received into the seminal intelligence of the universe, and in this way make room for the fresh souls which come to dwell there. And this is the answer which a man might give on the hypothesis of souls continuing to exist. But we must not only think of the number of bodies which are thus buried, but also of the number of animals which are daily eaten by us and the other animals. For what a number is consumed, and thus in a manner buried in the bodies of those who feed on them! And nevertheless this earth receives them by reason of the changes of these bodies into blood, and the transformations into the aerial or the fiery element. What is the investigation into the truth in this matter? The division into that which is material and that which is the cause of form, the formal.

Notes：
diffuse [adj] 1. spread over a wide area
                  2. not clear or easy to understand; using a lot of words
hypothesis [n]
                  1. an idea or explanation of something that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or correct
                  2. guesses and ideas that are not based on certain knowledge.

中文翻译：
4.18 在各方面都美的一切事物本身就是美的，其美是归于自身的，而不把赞扬作为它的一部分。因此被赞扬就不使一个事物变好或变坏。我坚信这也适用于被平民称为美的事物，例如，物质的东西或艺术的作品。那真正美的东西除了法则、真理、仁爱或节制之外，不需要任何别的东西。而这些事物哪一个的美是因为它被赞扬才美，或者谴责会使它变丑呢？像祖母绿或者黄金、象牙、紫袍、七弦琴、短剑、鲜花和树丛这样的东西，难道没受到赞扬就会使它们变坏吗？
4.19 如果灵魂继续存在，大气怎么无穷地容纳它们呢？－然而大地又怎样容纳那些古往今来被埋葬的人的尸体呢？在此正像这些尸体在保持一段时间之后变化一样，不论它们变成什么样子，它们的分解都为别的尸体腾出了空间，那移入空气中的灵魂也是如此，在继续生存一段时间之后变被改变和分解了，通过融入宇宙的一种再生的智慧而获得一种如火焰一样的性质，以这种方式为到达那里的具肉的灵魂腾出地方。这就是一个人对灵魂继续存在的这种假设可能给出的回答。但是我们不仅必须考虑如此被埋葬的尸体的数目，而且要考虑每天被我们吃掉的动物以及别的肉食动物的数目。因为，被消费的是多大一个数目啊，这样，它们就以某种方式被埋葬在那些以它们为食的人的身体中！不过大地依然通过把身体化为血，化为如空气或火焰一般的元素而接受它们。在这件事上怎样探究才能接触到真理呢？通过划分质料和形式因。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

19楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出10
4.20 Do not be whirled about, but in every movement have respect to justice, and on the occasion of every impression maintain the faculty of comprehension or understanding.

Notes：
whirl [v]
1.to move, or make somebody/something move, around quickly in a circle or in a particular direction
2.if your mind, thoughts, etc. whirl, you feel confused and excited and cannot think clearly
4.21 Everything is only for a day, both that which remembers and that which is remembered.
4.22 Observe constantly that all things take place by change, and accustom thyself to consider that the nature of the Universe loves nothing so much as to change the things which are and to make new things like them. For everything that exists is in a manner the seed of that which will be. But thou art thinking only of seeds which are cast into the earth or into a womb: but this is a very vulgar notion.

中文翻译：
4.20 不要思绪纷乱，而是在每个行动中都尊重正义，对每一印象都坚持运用领悟或理解的能力。4.21 一切都只是持续一天，那记忆者和那被记忆的东西。
4.22 不断地观察所有在变化中被取代的事物，使你习惯于考虑到，宇宙的本性喜欢改变那存在的事物并创造新的类似事物。因为一切现存的东西在某种意义都是那将要存在的东西的种子。但你要仅仅考虑那撒在大地里或子宫里的种子：但这是一个很模糊的概念。

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出09

小编语：怪不得小编我活得一点都不“宁静”，因为学了太多不必要的东西，不过什么才算不必要的呢？应该怎么理解这段话呢，总觉得会有很多人曲解其中的意思。一个人应该取消不必要的事情，丢弃不必要的思想——你是怎么理解的呢？
4.20 Everything harmonizes with me, which is harmonious to thee, O Universe. Nothing for me is too early nor too late, which is in due time for thee. Everything is fruit to me which thy seasons bring, O Nature: from thee are all things, in thee are all things, to thee all things return. The poet says, Dear city of Cecrops; and wilt not thou say, Dear city of Zeus?
4.21 Occupy thyself with few things, says the philosopher, if thou wouldst be tranquil.- But consider if it would not be better to say, Do what is necessary, and whatever the reason of the animal which is naturally social requires, and as it requires. For this brings not only the tranquility which comes from doing well, but also that which comes from doing few things. For the greatest part of what we say and do being unnecessary, if a man takes this away, he will have more leisure and less uneasiness. Accordingly on every occasion a man should ask himself, Is this one of the unnecessary things? Now a man should take away not only unnecessary acts, but also, unnecessary thoughts, for thus superfluous acts will not follow after.

中文翻译：
4.20 啊，宇宙，一切与你和谐的东西，也与我和谐。那于你是恰如其时的一切事情，对我也是恰如其时。啊，自然，你的季节所带来的一切，于我都是果实：所有事物都是从你而来，都复归于你。诗人说，亲爱的西克洛普之城；我不是也要说，亲爱的宙斯之城？
4.21 哲学家说，如果你愿意宁静，那就请从事很少的事情。但是想一想是否这样说更好：做必要的事情，以及本性合群的动物的理性所要求的一切事情，并且像所要求的那样做。因为这不仅带来由于做事适当而产生的宁静，而且带来由于做很少的事而产生的宁静。因为我们所说和所做的绝大部分事情都是不必要的，一个人如果取消它们，他将有更多的闲暇和较少的不适。因而一个人每做一件事都应当问问自己：这是不是一件必要的事情？一个人不仅应该取消不必要的行为，而且应该丢弃不必要的思想，这样，无聊的行为就不会跟着来了。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

18楼 2012-09-01

Re:连载中 8.29 15至17楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出11

小编语：时间是条湍急的河流……
4.23 It is no evil for things to undergo change, and no good for things to subsist in consequence of change.

中文翻译：
4.23 事物经历变化并不是坏事，而事物由于变化而保持其存在也不是好事。
4.24 时间好像一条由发生的各种事件构成的河流，而且是一条湍急的河流，因为刚刚看见了一个事物，它就被带走了，而另一个事物又来代替它，而这个也将被带走。
4.25 在事物的系列中，跟在后面的总是与在前面的那些恰恰配合，因为这系列并不像一些无关联的事物的单纯列举，仅只有必然的次序，而是一种合理的联系：正如一切存在的事物都被和谐地安排在一起一样，新出现的事物不仅表现出继续，并且表现出某种奇妙的联系。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

17楼 2012-08-29

Re:连载中 8.28 12至14楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出12

小编语：那许多事情，归根结底都是出于对死亡的恐惧罢了。
4.26 If any god told thee that thou shalt die to-morrow, or certainly on the day after to-morrow, thou wouldst not care much whether it was on the third day or on the morrow, unless thou wast in the highest degree mean-spirited- for how small is the difference?- So think it no great thing to die after as many years as thou canst name rather than to-morrow.
4.26 Think continually how many physicians are dead after often contracting their eyebrows over the sick; and how many astrologers after predicting with great pretensions the deaths of others; and how many philosophers after endless discourses on death or immortality; how many heroes after killing thousands; and how many tyrants who have used their power over men's lives with terrible insolence as if they were immortal; and how many cities are entirely dead, so to speak, Helice and Pompeii and Herculaneum, and others innumerable. Add to the reckoning all whom thou hast known, one after another. One man after burying another has been laid out dead, and another buries him: and all this in a short time. To conclude, always observe how ephemeral and worthless human things are, and what was yesterday a little mucus to-morrow will be a mummy or ashes. Pass then through this little space of time conformably to nature, and end thy journey in content, just as an olive falls off when it is ripe, blessing nature who produced it, and thanking the tree on which it grew.

Notes：
这段话说得多么坚定有力！
ephemeral [adj] lasting or used for only a short period of time.

中文翻译：
4.26 如果有神告诉你，你将明天死去，或肯定在后天死去，你将不会太关心是否是明天还是后天，除非你确实是精神极其贫乏，因为这差别是多么微小啊！所以，不要把按你能提出的许多年时间后死去而非明天死去看成什么大事。
4.27 不断地想这些事：有多少医生在频繁地对病人皱拢眉头之后死去；有多少占星家在提前很久预告了别人的死亡之后也已死去；又有多少哲学家在不断地讨论死亡或不朽之后死去；多少英雄在杀了成千上万人之后死去；多少暴君，仿佛他们是不死的一样，在以可怕的蛮横手段使用他们对于人们生命的权力之后死去；又有多少城市，比如赫利斯、庞培、赫库莱尼恩以及别的不可计数的城市被完全毁灭。再把你知道的所有人一个接一个地加在这上面，一个人在埋葬了别人之后死了，另一个人又埋葬了他：所有这些都是发生在一段不长的时间里。总之，要始终注意属人的事物是多么短暂易逝和没有价值，昨天是一点点黏液的东西，明天就将成为木乃伊或灰尘。那么就请自然地通过这一小段时间，满意地结束你的旅行，就像一棵橄榄成熟时掉落一样，感激产生它的自然，谢谢它生于其上的树木。

卷四：任何行为都不要无目的的做出11

小编语：时间是条湍急的河流……
4.23 It is no evil for things to undergo change, and no good for things to subsist in consequence of change.

Notes：
subsist [v]~on sth to manage to stay alive, especially with limited food or money.
4.24 Time is like a river made up of the events which happen, and a violent stream; for as soon as a thing has been seen, it is carried away, and another comes in its place, and this will be carried away too.
4.25 In the series of things those which follow are always aptly fitted to those which have gone before; for this series is not like a mere enumeration of disjointed things, which has only a necessary sequence, but it is a rational connection: and as all existing things are arranged together harmoniously, so the things which come into existence exhibit no mere succession, but a certain wonderful relationship.

中文翻译：
4.23 事物经历变化并不是坏事，而事物由于变化而保持其存在也不是好事。
4.24 时间好像一条由发生的各种事件构成的河流，而且是一条湍急的河流，因为刚刚看见了一个事物，它就被带走了，而另一个事物又来代替它，而这个也将被带走。
4.25 在事物的系列中，跟在后面的总是与在前面的那些恰恰配合，因为这系列并不像一些无关联的事物的单纯列举，仅只有必然的次序，而是一种合理的联系：正如一切存在的事物都被和谐地安排在一起一样，新出现的事物不仅表现出继续，并且表现出某种奇妙的联系。

沅牧生。(内阁元老)

16楼 2012-08-29

Re:连载中 8.28 12至14楼。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

卷五02

5.3 One man, when he has done a service to another, is ready to set it down to his account as a favour conferred. Another is not ready to do this, but still in his own mind he thinks of the man as his debtor, and he knows what he has done. A third in a manner does not even know what he has done, but he is like a vine which has produced grapes, and seeks for nothing more after it has once produced its proper fruit. As a horse when he has run, a dog when he has tracked the game, a bee when it has made the honey, so a man when he has done a good act, does not call out for others to come and see, but he goes on to another act, as a vine goes on to produce again the grapes in season.- Must a man then be one of these, who in a manner act thus without observing it?- Yes.- But this very thing is necessary, the observation of what a man is doing: for, it may be said, it is characteristic of the social animal to perceive that he is working in a social manner, and indeed to wish that his social partner also should perceive it.- It is true what thou sayest, but thou dost not rightly understand what is now said: and for this reason thou wilt become one of those of whom I spoke before, for even they are misled by a certain show of reason. But if thou wilt choose to understand the meaning of what is said, do not fear that for this reason thou wilt omit any social act.
5.4 Be not disgusted, nor discouraged, nor dissatisfied, if thou dost not succeed in doing everything according to right principles; but when thou bast failed, return back again, and be content if the greater part of what thou doest is consistent with man's nature, and love this to which thou returnest; and do not return to philosophy as if she were a master, but act like those who have sore eyes and apply a bit of sponge and egg, or as another applies a plaster, or drenching with water. For thus thou wilt not fail to obey reason, and thou wilt repose in it. And remember that philosophy requires only the things which thy nature requires; but thou wouldst have something else which is not according to nature.- It may be objected, Why what is more agreeable than this which I am doing?- But is not this the very reason why pleasure deceives us? And consider if magnanimity, freedom, simplicity, equanimity, piety, are not more agreeable. For what is more agreeable than wisdom itself, when thou thinkest of the security and the happy course of all things which depend on the faculty of understanding and knowledge?

Notes：
drench [v][often passive] ~sb/sth (in/with) to make sb/sth completely wet
e.g.:We were caught in the storm and got drenched to the skin.

中文翻译：
5.3 有一个人，当他为另一个人做了一件好事，就准备把它作为一种施惠记到他的账上，还有一个人不准备这样做，但还是在心里把这个人看做是他的受惠者，而且他记着他做了的事情。第三个人在某种程度上甚至不知道他所做的，他就像一株生产葡萄的葡萄藤一样，在它一旦结出它应有的果实以后就不寻求更多的东西。一匹马在它奔跑时，一只狗在它追猎过，一只蜜蜂在它酿造蜜以后也是这样，所以一个人在他做了一件好事之后，也不应要求别人来看，而是继续做另一件好事，正像一株葡萄藤在下一个季节继续结果一样。－那么一个人必须以某种方式如此行动且不注意它吗？－是的。－但这也是必要的，即观察一个人正在做的事情。因为，可以说，察知他正以一种有益社会的方式工作，并的确希望他的社会同伴也察知它是社会动物特征。－你说得对，但你并没有理解现在所说的：因此你将成为我前面说过的那些人中的一个，因为甚至他们也因理性的某种展示而误入歧途。但如果你愿意理解现在所说的话的意义，就不要害怕你将因此忽略任何有益社会的行为。
5.4 如果你根据正确的原则没有做成一切事时，不要厌恶，不要沮丧，也不要不满；而是在你失败时又再回去从头做起，只要你所做的较大部分事情符合于人的本性，就满足了，热爱你所回到的家园，但不要回到哲学仿佛她是一个主人，而是行动得仿佛那些眼疼的人用一点海绵和蛋清，或者像另一个人用一块膏药，或用水浸洗一样。因为这样你将不在遵守理性方面失败，你将在它那里得到安宁。记住，哲学仅要求你的本性所要求的事情，而你却有那不符合本性的别的什么东西。－你可能反对说，为什么那件事比你正做的这件事更使人愉悦呢？－但这不正是因为快乐在欺骗我们吗？再考虑是否慷慨、自由、朴素、镇静、虔诚不更令人愉悦。当你想到那依赖于理解和认识能力的一切事物的有保障和幸福的过程，有什么比智慧本身更令人愉悦呢？

卷五01

小编语：看着下面第一段，对于处于期末紧张复习阶段的小编来说真的是……这大冬天的，被窝多暖啊，多不想起来啊，可是自习教室或者图书馆一大早就爆满了，真纠结啊。
5.1 IN THE morning when thou risest unwillingly, let this thought be present- I am rising to the work of a human being. Why then am I dissatisfied if I am going to do the things for which I exist and for which I was brought into the world? Or have I been made for this, to lie in the bed-clothes and keep myself warm?- But this is more pleasant.- Dost thou exist then to take thy pleasure, and not at all for action or exertion? Dost thou not see the little plants, the little birds, the ants, the spiders, the bees working together to put in order their several parts of the universe? And art thou unwilling to do the work of a human being, and dost thou not make haste to do that which is according to thy nature?- But it is necessary to take rest also.- It is necessary: however nature has fixed bounds to this too: she has fixed bounds both to eating and drinking, and yet thou goest beyond these bounds, beyond what is sufficient; yet in thy acts it is not so, but thou stoppest short of what thou canst do. So thou lovest not thyself, for if thou didst, thou wouldst love thy nature and her will. But those who love their several arts exhaust themselves in working at them unwashed and without food; but thou valuest thy own own nature less than the turner values the turning art, or the dancer the dancing art, or the lover of money values his money, or the vainglorious man his little glory. And such men, when they have a violent affection to a thing, choose neither to eat nor to sleep rather than to perfect the things which they care for. But are the acts which concern society more vile in thy eyes and less worthy of thy labour?
5.2 Thou sayest, Men cannot admire the sharpness of thy wits.- Be it so: but there are many other things of which thou canst not say, I am not formed for them by nature. Show those qualities then which are altogether in thy power, sincerity, gravity, endurance of labour, aversion to pleasure, contentment with thy portion and with few things, benevolence, frankness, no love of superfluity, freedom from trifling magnanimity. Dost thou not see how many qualities thou art immediately able to exhibit, in which there is no excuse of natural incapacity and unfitness, and yet thou still remainest voluntarily below the mark? Or art thou compelled through being defectively furnished by nature to murmur, and to be stingy, and to flatter, and to find fault with thy poor body, and to try to please men, and to make great display, and to be so restless in thy mind? No, by the gods: but thou mightest have been delivered from these things long ago. Only if in truth thou canst be charged with being rather slow and dull of comprehension, thou must exert thyself about this also, not neglecting it nor yet taking pleasure in thy dulness.

Notes：
superfluous [adj] more than you need or want.
               e.g.:She gave him a look that made words superfluous.
   →superfluity [n]
      superfluously [adv]

中文翻译：
5.1 早晨当你不情愿地起床时，让这一思想出现－我正起来去做一个人的工作。如果我是要去做我因此而存在，因此而被带入这一世界的工作，那么我有什么不满意呢？难道我是为了躲在温暖的被子里睡眠而生的吗？－但这是较愉快的。－那你的存在是为了获取快乐，而全然不是为了行动和尽力吗？你没有看到小小的植物、小鸟、蚂蚁、蜘蛛、蜜蜂都在一起工作，从而有条不紊地尽它们在宇宙中的职分吗？你不愿做一个人的工作，不赶快做那合乎你本性的事吗？－但休息也是必要的。－休息是必要的，但自然也为这确定了界限，她为吃喝规定了界限，但你还是越过了这些限制，超出了足够的范围；而你的行动却不是这样，在还没有做你能做的之前就停止了。所有你不爱你自己，因为，如果你爱，你就将爱你的本性及其意志。那些热爱他们各自的技艺的人都在工作中忙得精疲力尽，他们没有洗浴，没有食物；而你对你的本性的尊重却甚至还不如杂耍艺人尊重杂耍技艺、舞蹈家尊重舞蹈技艺、聚财者尊重他的金钱，或者虚荣者尊重他小小的光荣。这些人，当他们对一件事怀有一种强烈的爱好时，宁肯不吃不睡也要完善他们所关心的事情。而在你的眼里，难道有益于社会的行为是讨厌的，竟不值得你劳作吗？
5.2 你说，人们不能欣赏你的机智－就算是这样，但也有许多别的事情是你不能这样说的，有许多事情是我先天下适合的。那么展示那些完全在你力量范围内的品质吧：真诚，严肃，忍受劳作，厌恶快乐，满足于你的份额和很少的事物，仁慈，坦白，不爱多余之物，免除轻率的慷慨。你没有看到你马上能展示多少品质吗，那些品质都是你没有借口说是天生无能或不适合的，你还愿意使自己保留在标准之下吗？难道你是先天就不健全以致不能抱怨、吝啬、谄媚、不满于你可怜的身体、试图取悦于人，出风头和内心紧张不安吗？不，的确，你本来可以早就从这些事情中解脱出来了，除非你的理解力的确天生就相当迟钝和麻木，但你也必须在这方面训练自己，不忽视它也不以你的迟钝为乐。

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[Novel] 连载完结 。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》

[Novel] 连载完结。 [ 读书笔记 ] 《沉思录》