主语从句定义： 在句子中担当主语的是一个从句，这个从句就叫做主语从句。 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 主语从句主要有三类： （1） 由连词that引导的主语从句:引导词that无含义,在句中不做成分,不可以省。 例如：That you will win the medal seems unlikely. 你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。 That you are so indifferent bothers me. 你如此冷淡使我很烦恼。 That she survived the accident is a miracle. 她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。 （2） 用连词 whether 引导的主语从句:whether有含义(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。 例如：Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. 她来不来都无关紧要。 （3） 用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分). 例如：What you need is more practice. 你所需要的是更多的训练。 What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这事。 Whatever we do is to serve the people. 我们无论做什么都是为人民服务。 （4）用连接副词when, where, why, how引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义,在句中作状语。) eg:Where we should leave it is a problem. When they will come hasn’t been made pubic. 他们什么时候来还不知道。 注意点: 1.it 做形式主语,而将主语从句放在句末（尤其是当谓语较短时）。 例如：That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 光沿直线传播，这是众所周知的事。 =It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. 众所周知光沿直线传播。 When the plane is to take off has not been announced . 飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。 = It has not been announced when the plane is to take off. 还没有宣布飞机何时起飞。 (当what引导的主语从句表示“…的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语。) 错:It is a book what he wants. 对:What he wants is a book. 他想要的是本书。 例如：Has it been settled who will be sent to carry out the task ? 谁将被派去执行这项任务决定了吗 ？ 固定用法和译法 （1） It is +名词+从句 It is a fact that… 事实是…… It is good news that … ……是好消息 It is a question that … ……是个问题 It is common knowledge that … ……是常识 类似的名词还有：a pity；a wonder；a good thing； no wonder； surprise等。 例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happened. 这一切是怎么发生的是个谜。 It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 鲸鱼不是鱼，这是常识。 It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game. 鲍勃会赢得这场比赛，这不足为奇。 （2） It is +形容词+从句 It is necessary that … 有必要…… It is clear that … 很清楚…… It is likely that … 很可能…… It is important that … 重要的是…… 类似的形容词还有：strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; certain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing, etc. 例如：It is obvious that conductors and insulators are both important in industry. 很明显导体和绝缘体在工业中都很重要。 It is doubtful whether she will be able to come. 她是否能来令人怀疑。 It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you . 他拒绝和你说话真是令人惊讶。 It is essential that he should be here by the weekend . 周末之前，他应该到这里是必要的。 It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. 很明显我们不能这样下去了。 （3） It is +过去分词+从句 It is said that … 据说…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It has been proved that … 已证明…… It must be proved that… 必须指出…… 类似的过去分词还有：known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required; decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc. 例如：It is thought that he is the best player. 大家都认为他是最好的选手。 It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old. 据估计这个花瓶有2000年的历史。 It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision between two stars. 过去一直认为新星是由于两颗星星之间碰撞产生的。 It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic. 还没弄清楚这条路将开始通车。 It does not matter if I missed my train, because there is another later. 没有赶上这趟火车没有关系，稍晚还有一趟。 It happened that I saw him yesterday. 碰巧我昨天看见他了。 当“及物动词 + 宾语”较短时，也可用这种结构。 例如：It shocked me that Peter did not tell anybody where he was. 让我吃惊的是彼得没有告诉任何人他在哪里。 It does not interest me whether you go or not. 我对你去不去不感兴趣。 2.只用whether不用if引导主语从句. 请观察下列句子，注意划线部分句子的意义及用法。 1. What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. 2. Who will go to the concert is not known. 3. That she was chosen made us very happy. 4. Whether she will come or not is still a question. 5. Which book they will choose is still unknown. 6. When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 7. It’s strange that he knows nothing about it. 8. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 9. It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. 【小结归纳】 (一)语序 主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”；但当连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词 + 谓语 + 其他成分”，如句1、2。 (二)引导词 ① that引导主语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分，但通常不可以省略，如句3； ② whether引导主语从句时意为“是否”，通常不能用if来代替,如句4； ③ 可以引导主语从句的连接代词主要有：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whoever等，如句5； ④ 可以引导主语从句的连接副词主要有：where, when, how, why等，如句6。 (三)常见句型 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，代替主语从句放在句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下： ① It + be + 形容词 + that 从句， 如句7; ② It + be + 名词 + that 从句， 如句8; ③ It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that 从句， 如句9。 【即学即用】 I. 用适当的词填空，使句子意思完整。 1. ______ he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday wasn’t quite clear. 2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope ______ the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. ______ team will win the match is still unknown. 4. ______ comes to the party will receive a present. 5. ______ Mary has left is still a question. 6. It’s reported ______ three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 7. ______ he solved the problem successfully interested all of us. 8. We usually think ______ we can’t get seems better than what we have. 9. It is a fact ______ English is being accepted as an international language. 10. ______ is to be sent there to solve the problem hasn’t been decided. II. 下列各句中均有一处错误，请改正。 1. That the old man’s son wanted to know was where the gold had been hidden. 2. It is reported when China has successfully sent Shenzhou VI spaceship into space. 3. If he can finish his task on time is of great importance. 4. Whether the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing excited the whole nation. 5. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, which our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. 6. Whatever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 7. Why they will solve the serious problem today has not been decided. 8. When will win the English competition is still a problem. 9. How our spring sports meet will be held or not this week is not known yet. 10. It’s strange when he should have gone away without telling us. Key: I． 1. Why 2. that 3. Which 4. Whoever 5. Whether 6. that 7. How 8. what 9. that 10. Who II． 1. That → What 2. when → that 3. If → Whether 4. Whether → That 5. which → what 6. Whatever → Whoever 7. Why → How 8. When → Who 9. How → Whether 10. when → that GRAMMAR 主语从句学习指导 [寻规找矩] 请观察下列句子，注意主语从句的用法。 1. That the earth travels round the sun is a well-known fact. 2. It is uncertain whether the artist can do it or not. 3. Who will act the lead in the play has not been decided yet. 4. Where the young man has gone is not known. 5. It is not yet decided when and where the test will be given. 【归纳总结】 1. 引导主语从句的词有连词that, whether；连接代词who, whose, whom, whoever, what, which等；连接副词where, when, whenever, wherever, how, why等。 2. 有时用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。 【常见错误展示】 下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。 1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge. 2. If she’s coming or not doesn’t matter much. 3. That the professor said is of great importance. 4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided. 5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished. 6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question. 7. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine. 8. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting. 【解析与拓展】 1. 在句首加That（并将Light改为light）。that虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略。 2. 将If改为Whether。if, whether都可表示“是否”，但if不能引导位于主句之前的主语从句，它可以引导位于主句之后带有形式主语it的主语从句。 3. 将That改为What。that引导主语从句时无词义。What the professor said表示“教授所说的”。 4. 将will置于trees之后。主语从句要用陈述句语序。 5. 将No matter who改为Whoever。引导让步状语从句时二者可互换，但引导名词性从句时只能用whoever。 6. 将remain改为remains。主语从句表示单一概念时，谓语要用单数形式。 7. has要改为have。主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语要用复数形式。 8. 将made改为（should） make。在“It is requested / ordered / suggested + that从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。 【高考链接】 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. ____ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (浙江 2008) A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who 2. ____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国卷Ⅱ) A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which 3. ____ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (上海 2002 春) A. What B. That C. This D. Which 4. ____ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. (NMET 1996) A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 1-4 CABB |
[ 此帖被展雯在2012-10-18 14:25重新编辑 ]
