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本帖被 展雯 执行加亮操作(2010-04-11)
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语法复习主谓一致
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
(一)语法一致原则:语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. /To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由连接词and或both … and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意:① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如:The writer and artist has come.;
② 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意:① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有"of+复数名词(或代词)"作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。
如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.
② 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
如:None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。
如:The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由"a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词"构成的短语以及由"分数或百分数+名词"构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意: a number of"许多",作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of"…的数量",主语是number,谓语用单数。
注意: a number of"许多",作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of"…的数量",主语是number,谓语用单数。
8、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
(二)逻辑意义一致原则:逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示"时间、重量、长度、价值"等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式, 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
如: "The Arabian Nights"is an interesting story-book.
4、表数量的短语"one and a half"后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数)。
4、表数量的短语"one and a half"后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数)。
如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。
如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
6、一些学科名词是以 -ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、"定冠词the + 形容词或分词",表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、"定冠词the + 形容词或分词",表示某一类人时,动词用复数。
(三)就近一致原则:在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1、当两个主语由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
我把自己容易出错的地方特别加重成红色了~~~
希望大家在复习的时候也小心吧~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
[ 此贴被展雯在2010-04-11 19:42重新编辑 ]
