2.The Syllabus
His death sentence came in the summer of 1994. Looking back, Morrie knew something bad was coming long before that. He knew it the day he gave up dancing.
He had always been a dancer, my old professor. The music didn't matter. Rock and roll, big band, the blues. He loved them all. He would close his eyes and with a blissful smile begin to move to his own sense of rhythm. It wasn't always pretty. But then, he didn't worry about a partner. Morrie danced by himself.
He used to go to this church in Harvard Square every Wednesday night for something called "Dance Free." They had flashing lights and booming speakers and Morrie would wander in among the mostly student crowd, wearing a white T-shirt and black sweatpants and a towel around his neck, and whatever music was playing, that's the music to which he danced. He'd do the lindy to Jimi Hendrix. He twisted and twirled, he waved his arms like a conductor on amphetamines, until sweat was dripping down the middle of his back. No one there knew he was a prominent doctor of sociology, with years of experience as a college professor and several well-respected books. They just thought he was some old nut.
Once, he brought a tango tape and got them to play it over the speakers. Then he commandeered the floor, shooting back and forth like some hot Latin lover. When he finished, everyone applauded. He could have stayed in that moment forever.
But then the dancing stopped.
He developed asthma in his sixties. His breathing became labored. One day he was walking along the Charles River, and a cold burst of wind left him choking for air. He was rushed to the hospital and injected with Adrenalin.
A few years later, he began to have trouble walking. At a birthday party for a friend, he stumbled inexplicably. Another night, he fell down the steps of a theater, startling a small crowd of people.
"Give him air!" someone yelled.
He was in his seventies by this point, so they whispered "old age" and helped him to his feet. But Morrie, who was always more in touch with his insides than the rest of us, knew something else was wrong. This was more than old age. He was weary all the time. He had trouble sleeping. He dreamt he was dying.
He began to see doctors. Lots of them. They tested his blood. They tested his urine. They put a scope up his rear end and looked inside his intestines. Finally, when nothing could be found, one doctor ordered a muscle biopsy, taking a small piece out of Morrie's calf. The lab report came back suggesting a neurological problem, and Morrie was brought in for yet another series of tests. In one of those tests, he sat in a special seat as they zapped him with electrical current-an electric chair, of sortsand studied his neurological responses.
"We need to check this further," the doctors said, looking over his results.
"Why?" Morrie asked. "What is it?"
"We're not sure. Your times are slow." His times were slow? What did that mean?
Finally, on a hot, humid day in August 1994, Morrie and his wife, Charlotte, went to the neurologist's office, and he asked them to sit before he broke the news: Morrie had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Lou Gehrig's disease, a brutal, unforgiving illness of the neurological system.
There was no known cure.
"How did I get it?" Morrie asked. Nobody knew.
"Is it terminal?"
Yes.
"So I'm going to die?"
Yes, you are, the doctor said. I'm very sorry.
He sat with Morrie and Charlotte for nearly two hours, patiently answering their questions. When they left, the doctor gave them some information on ALS, little pamphlets, as if they were opening a bank account. Outside, the sun was shining and people were going about their business. A woman ran to put money in the parking meter. Another carried groceries. Charlotte had a million thoughts running through her mind: How much time do we have left? How will we manage? How will we pay the bills?
My old professor, meanwhile, was stunned by the normalcy of the day around him. Shouldn't the world stop? Don't they know what has happened to me?
But the world did not stop, it took no notice at all, and as Morrie pulled weakly on the car door, he felt as if he were dropping into a hole.
Now what? he thought.
As my old professor searched for answers, the disease took him over, day by day, week by week. He backed the car out of the garage one morning and could barely push the brakes. That was the end of his driving.
He kept tripping, so he purchased a cane. That was the end of his walking free.
He went for his regular swim at the YMCA, but found he could no longer undress himself. So he hired his first home care worker-a theology student named Tony-who helped him in and out of the pool, and in and out of his bathing suit. In the locker room, the other swimmers pretended not to stare. They stared anyhow. That was the end of his privacy.
In the fall of 1994, Morrie came to the hilly Brandeis campus to teach his final college course. He could have skipped this, of course. The university would have understood. Why suffer in front of so many people? Stay at home. Get your affairs in order. But the idea of quitting did not occur to Morrie.
Instead, he hobbled into the classroom, his home for more than thirty years. Because of the cane, he took a while to reach the chair. Finally, he sat down, dropped his glasses off his nose, and looked out at the young faces who stared back in silence.
"My friends, I assume you are all here for the Social Psychology class. I have been teaching this course for twenty years, and this is the first time I can say there is a risk in taking it, because I have a fatal illness. I may not live to finish the semester.
"If you feel this is a problem, I understand if you wish to drop the course."
He smiled.
And that was the end of his secret.
ALS is like a lit candle: it melts your nerves and leaves your body a pile of wax. Often, it begins with the legs and works its way up. You lose control of your thigh muscles, so that you cannot support yourself standing. You lose control of your trunk muscles, so that you cannot sit up straight. By the end, if you are still alive, you are breathing through a tube in a hole in your throat, while your soul, perfectly awake, is imprisoned inside a limp husk, perhaps able to blink, or cluck a tongue, like something from a science fiction movie, the man frozen inside his own flesh. This takes no more than five years from the day you contract the disease.
Morrie's doctors guessed he had two years left. Morrie knew it was less.
But my old professor had made a profound decision, one he began to construct the day he came out of the doctor's office with a sword hanging over his head. Do I wither up and disappear, or do I make the best of my time left? he had asked himself.
He would not wither. He would not be ashamed of dying.
Instead, he would make death his final project, the center point of his days. Since everyone was going to die, he could be of great value, right? He could be research. A human textbook. Study me in my slow and patient demise. Watch what happens to me. Learn with me.
Morrie would walk that final bridge between life and death, and narrate the trip.
The fall semester passed quickly. The pills increased. Therapy became a regular routine. Nurses came to his house to work with Morrie's withering legs, to keep the muscles active, bending them back and forth as if pumping water from a well. Massage specialists came by once a week to try to soothe the constant, heavy stiffness he felt. He met with meditation teachers, and closed his eyes and narrowed his thoughts until his world shrunk down to a single breath, in and out, in and out.
One day, using his cane, he stepped onto the curb and fell over into the street. The cane was exchanged for a walker. As his body weakened, the back and forth to the bathroom became too exhausting, so Morrie began to urinate into a large beaker. He had to support himself as he did this, meaning someone had to hold the beaker while Morrie filled it.
Most of us would be embarrassed by all this, especially at Morrie's age. But Morrie was not like most of us. When some of his close colleagues would visit, he would say to them, "Listen, I have to pee. Would you mind helping? Are you okay with that?"
Often, to their own surprise, they were.
In fact, he entertained a growing stream of visitors. He had discussion groups about dying, what it really meant, how societies had always been afraid of it without necessarily understanding it. He told his friends that if they really wanted to help him, they would treat him not with sympathy but with visits, phone calls, a sharing of their problems-the way they had always shared their problems, because Morrie had always been a wonderful listener.
For all that was happening to him, his voice was strong and inviting, and his mind was vibrating with a million thoughts. He was intent on proving that the word "dying" was not synonymous with "useless."
The New Year came and went. Although he never said it to anyone, Morrie knew this would be the last year of his life. He was using a wheelchair now, and he was fighting time to say all the things he wanted to say to all the people he loved. When a colleague at Brandeis died suddenly of a heart attack, Morrie went to his funeral. He came home depressed.
"What a waste," he said. "All those people saying all those wonderful things, and Irv never got to hear any of it."
Morrie had a better idea. He made some calls. He chose a date. And on a cold Sunday afternoon, he was joined in his home by a small group of friends and family for a "living funeral." Each of them spoke and paid tribute to my old professor. Some cried. Some laughed. One woman read a poem:
"My dear and loving cousin . . .
Your ageless heart
as you move through time, layer on layer,
tender sequoia . . ."
Morrie cried and laughed with them. And all the heartfelt things we never get to say to those we love, Morrie said that day. His "living funeral" was a rousing success.
Only Morrie wasn't dead yet.
In fact, the most unusual part of his life was about to unfold.
他的死亡判决是在1994年的夏天下达的。回想起来，莫里很早就预感到了这一凶兆。他是在终止跳舞的那一天预感到的。
我的老教授一直是个舞迷。音乐对他来说无关紧要，摇滚乐，爵士乐，布鲁斯。他就是喜欢跳。他会闭上眼睛，悠然自得地按着自己的节奏移动脚步。他的舞姿并非总是那么优美。但他不用担心舞伴。他自己一个人跳。
他每个星期三的晚上都要去哈佛广场的那个教堂，为的是那场“免费舞会”。那里有闪烁的灯光和大音量的喇叭，莫里挤在大部分是学生的人群中，穿一件白色的Ｔ恤和黑色运动裤，脖子上围一条毛巾，不管奏的是什么乐曲，他都能跟上节拍跳。他能和着吉米•亨德里克斯的歌曲跳林迪舞①。他扭动、旋转着身体，像吃了兴奋剂的指挥那样挥动着手臂，直到背中心留下汗来。那里没人知道他是一个著名的社会学博士，是一位有着多年教学经验、著有多部学术专著的教授。他们都以为他是一个老疯子。
①源于哈莱姆区的一种黑人舞蹈，流行于三十和四十年代。
有一次，他带去一盘探戈的音带让他们在扩音器里放，然后他独占了舞池，像一个狂热的拉丁舞迷扭开了。表演一结束，掌声四起。他似乎能永远这么天真活泼下去。
但后来跳舞终止了。
他六十几岁时得了哮喘，呼吸器官出了问题。有一次，当他沿着查尔斯河散步时，一阵凉风使他呛得几乎窒息。人们赶紧把他送进医院，注射了肾上腺素。
几年后，他走路也变得困难起来。在一次朋友的生日聚会上，他无缘无故地跌倒了。另一个晚上，他从剧院的台阶上摔下来，把周围的人群吓了一跳。
“别围住他，让他呼吸新鲜空气，”有人喊道。
他那时已经七十多了，因此人们一边小声议论着“老了”，一边把他扶了起来。但对自己的身体比谁都敏感的莫里知道有地方不对劲。这不仅是年龄的问题。他一直感到乏力。晚上睡眠也成了问题。他梦见自己死了。
他开始去医院，找了不少大夫。他们检查了他的血液，检查了他的尿液，还给他做了肠镜。最后，当什么都没有检查出来时，有一个医生要他做肌肉活组织检查，从他的腿肚子上割下了一块活组织。反馈回来的实验室的报告怀疑他有神经方面的疾病，于是莫里又进医院作了一系列的检查。其中有一项检查是让他坐在一张特殊的椅子上，医生用电流震击他——类似坐电椅——然后观察他的神经反应。
“我们需要作进一步的核对，”医生看着他的试验结果说。
“为什么？”莫里问。“是什么病？”
“我们还无法肯定。你的节奏很慢。”
节奏慢？那是什么意思？
最后，在1994年8月的一个异常闷热的日子，莫里和他妻子夏洛特去了神经科医生的诊所，医生让他们坐下，然后宣布了病情：莫里得了肌萎缩性（脊髓）侧索硬化（ALS），即卢•格里克氏症②。这是一种凶险、无情的神经系统疾病。
②卢•格里克是美国棒球运动员，患此症病故。后此疾病以他的名字命名。
没有治疗的方法。
“我是怎么得病的？”莫里问。
没人知道。
“是不治之症？”
是的。
“那么我快死了？”
是的，你快死了，医生说。非常遗憾。
他同莫里和夏洛特坐了将近两小时，耐心地回答他们的问题。当他们离去时，他给了他们一些有关ALS的资料：几本小册子，似乎他们是在开银行帐户。外面阳光朗照，人们忙着各自的事情。一位妇女急匆匆地往停车收费机里投钱，另一个拎着食品杂货走过。夏洛特的脑海里翻腾着无数个念头：我们还剩多少时间？我们该如何应付？我们该怎么支付这笔医药费？
我的老教授则为他周围的正常生活节奏而感到震惊。难道世界仍是那么的无动于衷？难道没人知道我的厄运？
然而地球并没有停转，它丝毫也没在意。当莫里无力地拉开车门时，他觉得自己好像掉入了一个深穴。
“现在该怎么办？”他寻思着。
就在他寻找答案时，疾病却日复一日、周复一周地侵蚀着他。一天早晨，他把车子从车库里倒出来，因踩不住刹车而只好熄掉了引擎。从此他便告别了驾驶。
他经常绊倒，于是他买了根拐杖。从此他便告别了正常的行走。
他仍定期去青年会游泳，但发现自己换衣服有了困难，于是他雇了个家庭护理工——一位名叫托尼的神学系学生——他帮莫里进出水池，帮他更换衣服。更衣室里，人们 装着不去注视他。但他们还是看到了。从此他便告别了自己的隐私 。
1994年的秋天，莫里去坐落在山坡上的布兰代斯校园上他最后的一堂课。当然，他完全可以不去上的。学校方面能够理解。何必要在众人面前受折磨？呆在家里。安排好自己的事情。但莫里没有想到要放弃。
他步履不稳地走进教室，走进他生活了三十多年的家。由于拿着拐杖，他手脚不利索地来到座位旁。他终于坐了下去，从鼻梁上取下眼镜，望着一张张在一片死寂中注视着他的年轻的脸。
"我的朋友们，我想你们来这儿是为了上社会心理课的。这门课我已经教了二十年，这是我第一次想说，修这门课有点冒风险，因为我得了绝症。我也许活不到这个学期的结束。
"如果你们觉得这是个麻烦而想放弃这门课，我完全能够理解，”
他笑了。
从此他的病便不再是秘密。
ALS就如同一支点燃的蜡烛，它不断融化你的神经，使你的躯体变成一堆蜡。通常它从腿部开始，然后慢慢向上发展。等你不能控制大腿肌肉时，你就无法再站立起来。等你控制不了躯干的肌肉时，你便无法坐直。最后，如果你还活着的话，你只能通过插在喉部的一根管子呼吸，而你清醒的神志则被禁锢在一个软壳内。或许你还能眨眨眼睛，动动舌头，就像科幻电影里那个被冰冻在自己肉体内的怪物一样。这段时间不会超过五年。
医生估计莫里还有两年的时间。
莫里知道还要短。
但我的老教授却作出了一个重大的决定，这个决定是在他头顶悬着利剑、走出诊所的那天就想到的。我就这样枯竭下去直到消亡？还是不虚度剩下的时光？他问自己。
他不甘枯竭而死。他将勇敢地去面对死亡。
他要把死亡作为他最后的一门课程，作为他生活的主要课题。既然每个人都有一死，他为何不能死有所值呢？他可以让别人去研究。他可以成为一本人的教科书。研究我缓慢而耐心的死亡过程。观察在我身上发生的一切。从我这儿学到点什么。
莫里将走过最后那座连接生与死的桥梁，并诠释出这段旅程。
秋季学期过得很快。药的剂量又增加了。理疗已经成了日常的例行公事，护士去他家中帮助他活动日见萎缩的大腿，使它的肌肉能保持活力，他们像从井中抽水那样上下屈展着他的腿。按摩师每星期来一次，舒缓他不时感到的肌肉僵硬。他还请了默念师，在其指导下闭上眼睛，集中意念，直到他的世界渐渐化成一口气，吸进吐出，吸进吐出。
一天，他拄着拐杖走上了人行道，然后摔倒在马路上。拐杖换成了学步车。他的身体越来越虚弱，来去卫生间也使他不堪重负了。于是，莫里开始用一只大口瓶小便。他小便时还得扶住自己，这就意味着必须有人替他拿瓶子。
我们大多数人会因此而感到难堪，尤其是到了莫里这样的年龄。但莫里却和我们不同。当熟悉的同事们来看望他时，他会对他们说，“听着，我要尿尿了。你能替我拿着瓶子吗？你行吗？”
通常他们都能这么做，连他们自己也感到惊讶。
事实上，他接待了越来越多的来访者。他和一些讨论小组的成员一起讨论死亡，讨论死亡的真正含义，讨论各个社会阶层是怎样由于对它的无知而惧怕它。他对他的朋友们说，如果他们真的想帮助他，那就不要光是同情，而是多来看望他，给他打电话，让他分享他们遇到的难题——就像他一直做的那样，莫里是个出色的听众。
尽管有那么多那么多的变化，但他的声音仍是那么有力，那么吸引人，他的脑子仍在活跃地思维。他要证明一件事：来日无多和毫无价值不是同义词。
新年乍来即去。虽然莫里对谁都没说，可他知道1995年将是他生命中的最后一年。他现在已经用上了轮椅，他在争取时间对所有他爱的人说他想说的话。当布兰代斯大学的一位同事因心脏病突然去世时，莫里去参加了他的葬礼。回来后他显得很沮丧。
"太可惜了，”他说。“他们在葬礼上说得那么好，可艾文再也听不到了。”
莫里有了个念头。他打了几个电话，选好了日子。在一个寒冷的星期天下午，他的家人和几个好友在家里为他举行了“活人葬礼”。每个人向我的老教授致了悼词。有的哭。有的笑。有位女士念了一首诗：
”我亲爱的表哥……
你那颗永不显老的心
随着时光的流逝，将变成一棵
稚嫩的红杉……”
莫里随着他们又哭又笑。所有情真意切的话语都在那天说了。他这场“活人葬礼”取得了非凡的效果。
只是莫里并没有死。
事实上，他生命中最不寻常的一页即将掀开。
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