引用
《西游记》是中国四大古典小说(Four Great Classical Novels)之一,通常翻译为Journey to the West,也翻译为The Journey to the West、Adventures of the Monkey God、Monkey: A Folk Novel of China、The Adventures of Monkey等。在西方国家,有时候它就翻译为Monkey。故事一共一百章(chapter),围绕唐朝和尚(Buddhist monk)玄奘(Xuanzang)去 印 度朝圣(pilgrimage)获取佛学经典(Buddhist scriptures)的神奇经历(mythologized legends)展开,当然这是一种对历史事件的虚构描述(fictionalized account)。在取经路上,他们遇到了各种鬼怪(monsters)和困难(calamity),包括火焰山(flaming mountain)、蜘蛛精洞(lair of spider-spirits)、女儿国(kingdom ruled by women)等稀奇古怪的场面(scenario)。他们必须经历81难(81 disasters)来取得真经。
[唐僧]
唐僧(Tang Priest)在英语(精品课)中也常翻译为Tripitaka,即三藏,字面意思是Three Baskets of Buddhist Teaching。据说吃了他的肉可以长生不老(to obtain immortality by eating Xuanzang's flesh)。
[孙悟空]
孙悟空(Sun Wukong)是从石头里诞生的猴子,会72变(72 polymorphic transformations), 长生不死(immortality),自封为"齐天大圣"(Great Sage Equal to Heaven),曾经位列天官(celestial bureaucracy),后反叛(rebel)天庭,被佛用咒语(talisman)困于五行山(Five Elements Mountain)下五百年。他原来叫美猴王(Handsome Monkey King),住在花果山(Mountain of Flowers and Fruits)水帘洞(Cave of Water Curtains);悟空是菩提祖师(Patriarch Bodhi)起的法号,意思是Awakening to Emptiness。他的武器是如意金箍棒(will-following golden-banded staff)。他还在八卦炉(eight-trigram brazier)练就了火眼金睛(fiery golden eyes),翻筋斗云(cloud somersault)的本领(talents)。他用这些本领战胜妖魔(demons)。唐僧用一个金箍(gold band)通过念咒(chant magic words),即紧箍咒(tightening-crown spell)可以控制他。
[猪八戒]
猪八戒(Zhu Bajie)字面意思是Eight-precepts Pig或Eight-prohibitions,通常翻译为Pigsy、Monk Pig或Pig,原为天蓬元帅(Marshal Tian Peng),即天庭水军将官(commander of Heavenly Naval Forces),由于调戏(flirt with)嫦娥(Princess of the Moon Chang'e)被贬下(banish)人间(mortal realm),特点是贪吃好色(insatiable appetites for food and sex)。他也叫猪悟能(Pig Awakened to Power),是半人半猪(half human half pig)的怪物,曾经在高老庄(Gao Village)变成普通人娶亲。他的武器是九齿钉耙(nine-tooth iron rake)。
[沙悟净]
沙悟净(Sha Wujing)是河怪(river ogre),字面意思是Sand Awakened to Purity,他也叫沙和尚(Friar Sand),因为他住在流沙河(Flowing Sand River)。他曾是天庭的卷帘大将(Great General for Folding the Curtain),只因在蟠桃宴(Peach Banquet)上打破了王母娘娘(Heavenly Queen Mother)的水晶杯(crystal goblet)被贬下凡。他的武器是月牙铲(Crescent-Moon Shovel)。
[白龙马]
白龙马(white horse)原来是西海龙王(Dragon King of the Western Sea)敖闰殿下的三太子(the third son of Ao Run)。龙王三太子纵火烧了殿上玉帝赐的明珠(bright pearls),触犯天条,犯下死罪,幸亏大慈大悲的观世音菩萨出面,才幸免于难,被贬到蛇盘山(Coiled Snake Mountain)等待唐僧西天取经。无奈他不识唐僧师徒,误食唐僧坐骑白马,后来被观世音菩萨点化,锯角退鳞,变化成白龙马,皈依佛门,取经路上供唐僧坐骑,任劳任怨,历尽艰辛,终于修成正果,取经归来,被如来佛祖升为八部天龙马。