@考研英语尤霖老师
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[ 此帖被曲径戎在2017-05-12 08:05重新编辑 ]
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@考研英语尤霖老师
【资源来源于网络，侵歉删】
- 倒序阅读 只看楼主
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标题
100. boom 繁荣
A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will cause problems in the future.
邻里剪监视摄像头的繁荣在未来会造成问题。
101. recession 衰退
The recession threatened to remove the advertising.
经济衰退会威胁到广告业的生存。
102. decline 下降
Increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.
日本的传统工作道德价值观正在日渐衰退。
No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation.
任何公司都不希望被告知自己在导致一个国家的道德衰退。
103. recovery 复苏，康复
Setting the proper level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one.
设定恰当的安全、冗员和复苏的级别是一个管理问题，而不是技术问题。
104. poverty 贫穷
The Internet may be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.
英特网可以成为我们所能够拥有的最强大的对抗贫困的工具。
105. merger 兼并
The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed.
我们的世界正在经历有史以来最大的一波兼并和收购浪潮。
106. gap 缺口，差距
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production.
农业生产者想要成功，就必须尽量多生产而少消费。
107. emergence 出现，浮现
The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media.
反快乐艺术几乎完全是随着大众传媒的出现的而兴起的。
108. destruction 毁坏，解构
There is no radical innovation without creative destruction.
没有创造性的毁灭就不会有根本上的创新。
109. dimension 维度，方面
This question has many dimensions, including people’s culture, environment, and economy, and how these things are changing over time.
问题是多方面的，包括人们的文化，环境和经济状况，以及这些因素随时间而改变的方式。
110. diversity 多样性
At the time, scholars from this part of the world were just discovering the great diversity of human life and behavior.
在那时，世界各地的学者只是想要发现人类生活和行为的巨大多样性。
111. revenue 收入
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.
报纸越来越成为收支平衡的生意，来自于读者和广告商的收益比例协调。
112. package 包裹，一揽子
What’s needed is a package deal.
我们需要的是一揽子交易。
113. autobiography 自传
In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty.
达尔文在他的自传中对自己的智力能力表达出极大的谦逊。
114. innovation 创新
The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder.
创新的首要要求是对奇迹的迷恋。
115. creativity 创造性
Both critical thinking and creativity are extremely essential to a successful scholar.
对于一个成功的学者来说，批判性思维和创造性都是极端重要的。
116. subsidy 补助
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.
无论如何，镇民们还是不能够理解皇家莎士比亚剧团需要补助的原因。
117. council 理事会
One Senator recommended a federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.
一位参议员建议成立一个联邦政府与各省联合的部门，就像最近刚成立的国家健康理事会那样。
118. insurance 保险
The substantial buying power of such an agency would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest possible purchase prices from drug companies.
该机构实质性的购买力会巩固公共处方药保险计划，从而与药品公司谈判，以尽可能获得最低价格。
119. coverage 覆盖，报道
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.
过去25年里，英语报纸影响最深远的改变或许是艺术报道的范围和严肃性的不可逆转的衰退。
120. biographer 传记
As a biographer knows, a person’s early life and its condition are often the greatest gift to an individual.
正如传记作家所知的那样，一个人的早期生活及环境通常是他一生中最大的礼物。
121. parallel 平行，类似
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.
在今天有着令人沮丧的类型情形，一批有一批科学家想把我们唤醒去面对日益增长的全球变暖的威胁。
122. evolution 进化，进展
British social philosopher Herbert Spencer put forward his own theory of biological and cultural evolution.
英国社会哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞提出了他自己的生物和文化进化论。
123. anthropology 人类学
Morgan was one of the founders of modern anthropology.
摩根是现代自传体的奠基人之一。
124. prescription 处方，规定
Prescription drug costs have risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending.
自1997年以来，处方药成本的上升时整个医保开支的两倍。
125. context 上下文，情境
So it seems strange to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.
因此，以创造性和创新性的相同情境来谈论习惯，似乎显得很奇怪。
126. comment 评论
Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
然而，这是一种经常能观察到的现象，很值得大家研究。
127. substance 物质
Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug.
从技术上说，除了食物以外，能够改变我们的身体或精神功能的任何物质都属于药物。
128. schism 分裂
The schism between science and the humanities has deepened in this century.
科学与人文之间的分裂在本世纪加深了。
129. standstill 停顿
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
某国1980年的人口普查表明，地区竞争愈演愈烈，而此时东北部和中西部地区的发展的已经停滞。
130. stress 压力(n.)，强调(vt.)
Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.
对人类和动物的研究表明，性激素以某种方式影响着压力响应，使得处于压力之下的女性产生比男性更多地激发物质。
131. consequence 结果，后果
Our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
我们国家以及全世界在对最重要政策进行判断时，都会根据科学来确定当前行为的未来后果。
132. aspiration 抱负，志向
He also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations.
他也向外部世界清晰地传达出他的志向。
133. prosperity 繁荣
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth.
我们倾向于把战后的几十年称为繁荣和发展的时代。
134. majority 大多数
But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.
但是很明显的是，大多数总统顾问仍然不愿意严肃面对全球变暖问题。
135. credibility 可信性
The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.
该组织在做一个深入而漫长的自我分析，名称为新闻可信性项目。
136. questionnaire 调查问卷
In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area.
在最近的一次调查中，向全国一个大城市和五个中型城市的记者发放了调查问卷。
137. stimulus 刺激，激励
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living.
对于追求高效生活的趋势，经济条件仅能起到激励的作用。
138. tendency 倾向性
The researchers studied people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.
研究者们研究了人们影响他人的能力，以及愿意受人影响的倾向性。
139. ritual 仪式
School districts across the country are revising their thinking on his educational ritual.
全国的学区正在改变对于这种教育仪式的看法。
140. priority 优先性
The conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.
传统观点认为，在贫穷国家中教育能够促进经济的快速发展，因而具有最高优先性，这一观点是错误的。
141. privilege 特权，优待
Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege.
142. bias 偏见
Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
将事物按字母顺序排列会导致非故意的偏见。
143. factor 因素
This book does not include enough exploration of the social and biological factors.
该书没有对社会学及生物学因素进行充分探讨。
144. thrift 节俭
In America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline is still linked to the politics of thrift.
在美国，这一趋势作为对经济衰退的反应，仍然与节俭的政治具有联系。
145. intellect 知识
Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect.
当今社会美国人没有给予知识以很高价值。
146. Implication 涵义
Critics have debated the social implications of these changes.
批评者们已经对这些改变的社会内涵进行过争论。
147. parachute 降落伞
As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback.
因此，他们失去了曾经财政困境中的那把保护伞。
148. counterbalance 反平衡，抵消
“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says an education writer, “schools could be a counterbalance.”
某教育作家说到：“大家都认为实用性比知识更重要，而学校正处于这样一个社会环境中，因此学校应当起到一个反平衡的作用。”
149. monopoly 垄断
Patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests.
专利垄断对基因检测造成了限制。
150. differentiation 分化，区别
A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies.
一个相当类似的分化过程导致专业地理学家在全国范围内通过以两个专门学会而走到了一起。
151. impact 影响，作用
As the industry advances, cultural power may have an even greater impact.
随着工业的发展，文化的力量可能具有很大影响力。
152. immigrant 移民
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.
一个世纪前，从大西洋彼岸过来的移民分为定居者和旅居者两种。
153. paralysis 瘫痪
This is a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”
这是一个“分析瘫痪”的经典案例。
154. descendent 后代
The achievements of a man’s descendants are in a sense his achievements.
男性的后代的成就某种意义上就是他本人的成就。
155. sympathy 同情
Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
你的幽默必须与听众有关，并有助于告诉他们你是他们的一员，或者是你理解他们的处境并对他们的观点有同感。
156. constitution 宪法
The framers of the Constitution envisioned law as having authority apart from politics.
宪法制定者把法律想象为具有与政治不同的管辖权。
157. legislation 立法，法律总称
The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women.
欧盟正在考虑通过立法来强迫公司董事会保有一定比例的女性。
158. bill 法案
A bill by a Democratic Senator, which would offer financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start.
一位民主党参议员提交了一个法案，目的是向私营企业提供经济刺激，这是一个有前途的开端。
159. regulation 法律的一种
There are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules.
加入所有的州都建立自己的条例，那么大家就会担心形成一种补丁式的法律。
160. statute 法令
They agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.
他们同意该宪法的逻辑，但不同意究竟是哪一项亚利桑那州法律与联邦法令相冲突。
161. tort 侵权
The American Law Institute issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers with a lengthy list of possible ones.
美国法律研究院颁布了关于侵权法的新指导方针，该方针认为公司不需要列出那么长的清单来向顾客告知那些非常明显的危害。
162. liability 责任
The information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.
提供产品信息的目的可能事实上是处于顾客利益，而不是为了避免法律责任。
163. reliability 可靠性
Many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability.
很多公司对使用网络还是很由于，原因是担心其可靠性。
164. logic 逻辑
In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and animals speak.
梦境向我们打开了通往另一个世界的窗户，在那里逻辑被悬置而动物张口说话。
165. component 元件，成分
Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.
在良好睡眠的那些要素中，梦似乎是我们最难以控制的。
166. homicide 谋杀
We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death.
我们并不把那些死亡称为谋杀，因为医生们并非故意，尽管存在死亡风险。
167. subscriber 订户
Some websites use screen savers to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscriber’s computer monitors.
一些网站通过屏保把不断更新的信息和广告发到用户的电脑屏幕上。
168. scheme 计划
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald’s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.
该举动会影响诸如麦当劳这样的公司，麦当劳赞助了足球协会运作的年轻人训练计划。
169. notion 概念
Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request.
在线文化高度推崇这样一个概念，那就是，信息只能通过特定请求而在电脑上显示。
170. accommodation 住宿
He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.
他看见了极好的住房，美丽的花园，以及灿烂的阳光等等。
171. comparison 比较
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries.
人们拿20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪印刷的传播进行了比较。
172. contradiction 矛盾，不一致
Very few writers on the subject have explored this contradiction which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
对于将计算机引入课堂的运动的核心错误，几乎没有任何作假予以探讨。
173. circumstance 环境
Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth.
任何的综合环境，不管多么糟糕，均为成长提供了独特的机遇。
174. efficiency 效率
The strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry.
一国经济的盛衰与其农业和工业效率直接紧密相连。
175. contempt 蔑视
Several companies are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users.
一些公司已经在开始使用类似技术来将讯息推送给用户，这些信息包括特别销售，产品供应或其它。但是这种推送技术遭到很多网络用户的蔑视。
176. stability 稳定性
This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.
该现象带来了人们对小公司角色的严重担忧，以及对国家商人和世界经济的极端稳定性的严重担忧。
177. decline 衰退
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return?
过去那种经济衰退的糟糕日子又要来临了吗？
178. inflation 通货膨胀
Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline.
过去的两次危机均导致两位数通货膨胀和全球经济衰退。
179. counterpart 对照物
Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda, Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts -- a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
然而研究表明，本田、尼桑和丰田公司的美国工厂的生产率达到了其日本工厂的95%，这一结果归功于美国雇员所受的工作培训。
180. welfare 福利
Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.
全世界的政府都相信这样一个假设，那就是，人民的福利很大程度上依赖经济状况以及社会的福利状况。
1、 形容词
181. dominant 占主导的
It was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic medium.
直到19世纪，报纸才成为电子传媒之前的主导媒体。
The dominant model for understanding health is the disease model, which focuses on biological processes, and on the behaviors that directly produce these.
疾病模型是理解健康的主导模型，它专注于生物学过程，以及导致该过程的行为。
182. pervasive 无处不在的，流行的
We live in a society in which the use of drugs is pervasive.
在我们生活的社会中，药物使用很流行。
183. literary 文学的
This could be no more than a passing literary craze.
这可能仅仅是短暂的文学狂热。
184. illiterate 文盲的
More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.
研究者们最近在研究房屋建造时发现，德克萨斯州的不会说英语的墨西哥劳工能够一贯地达到最佳生产率标准，尽管建造工作相当复杂。
185. desirable 值得追求的
But his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.
自给自足不可避免，也是值得追求的，这一信念受到广泛尊崇。
186. vast 巨大的，大量的
Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
从地区上看，落基山脉各州享有最高增长率：自1970年以来，仅占美国5%人口的广阔土地达到了37.1%的水平。
187. enormous 极大的
These designers exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture.
这些设计者对美国建筑发挥极大影响。
188. massive 巨大的，大量的
They attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.
他们由于违背了规则，因此受到极大关注。
189. considerable 相当大的
Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.
然而20世纪出版的相当多的重要评论主要都是报刊评论。
190. immense 极大的
For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that.”
对于他们而言，历史什么也没做，既不拥有极大财富，也不没有战争：“是活着的真实的人做了这一切。”
191. sophisticated 复杂的，老谋深算的
Sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
复杂的表象掩盖了事实，那就是他设计的空间既小又有效率，而不是大而空洞。
192. controversial 有争议的
But compulsory treatments for chronic diseases are controversial.
但是对于慢性病的强制治疗是有争议的。
193. analogous 类似的
The function of an intellectual is analogous to that of a judge.
知识分子的作用与法官类似。
194. opposite 对立的
IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite.
智商与领导力成反比关系，也就是说，预测的与结果恰相反。
195. chronic 慢性的，长期的
Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses he describes.
并不是所有人都经历过他描述的那种长期而严重的压力。
196. fragile 易碎的，脆弱的
Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy.
一些历史学家的工作表明了国家早期领导人的道德妥协和早期国家的脆弱性。
197. vulnerable 脆弱的，易受攻击的
Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control.
如果鼓励孩子放弃精神生活，就会使他们易于遭到剥削和控制。
198. susceptible 易受影响的
Women are particularly susceptible to depression and anxiety in response to stress compared to men.
在压力中，女性比男性更易受到抑郁和焦虑的影响。
199. physical 物质的，身体的
Laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.
笑可能最身体健康没什么影响。
200. spiritual 精神的
Many people believe that the inner world provides membership in nonmaterial realms of being—perhaps involving a soul, a spiritual essence, or even a spark of the divine.
很多人相信，内心世界提供了非物质世界的存在，这或许包含灵魂，精神本质，抑或神性的光辉。
[ 此帖被曲径戎在2017-05-11 10:06重新编辑 ] -
标题
200. spiritual 精神的
Many people believe that the inner world provides membership in nonmaterial realms of being—perhaps involving a soul, a spiritual essence, or even a spark of the divine.
很多人相信，内心世界提供了非物质世界的存在，这或许包含灵魂，精神本质，抑或神性的光辉。
201. excessive 过多的
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.
存在很多理由，其中一个是法学教育过高的成本。
202. superfluous 多余的
Much more superfluous products have been provided following the development of productivity.
生产力发展带来了大量剩余产品。
203. prominent 突出的，卓越的
In the last hundred years or so, several prominent social scientists have been concerned about the problems of trying to apply logic to social systems.
在过去几百年，一些社会科学家已经在担忧是否应当把逻辑应用到社会制度中。
204. recurring 不断出现的
He believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.
他相信可以通过有意识的练习来控制不断出现的恶梦。
He believed strongly in systematic comparison and in the existence of recurrent patterns in social life at all times and in all places.
他非常相信，在任何时间任何地点，都可以将社会生活不断出现的模式进行系统化比较。
205. inner 内部的
This is the doctrine that societies or cultures are qualitatively different and have their own unique inner logic.
该学说认为不同社会或文化在性质上具有差别，都具有自身独特的内在逻辑。
206. intrinsic 内在的
Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us.
这些花园显得想要表达另一种内在冲动或需求，我们则几乎意识不到这种冲动或需求对于我们的持久控制。
207. intricate 错综复杂的
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
今年发生了几起大规模顾客和雇员信息泄露事件，这使得经理们快速地去错综复杂的IT信息和商业程序中去寻找潜在的脆弱性。
Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby.
掌握了欧洲错综复杂的批发流程的零售商能够因此而获得大量收益。
208. casual 随便的，偶然的
There might be casual relation between economic status and human nature.
在经济地位和人类之间可能仅存在偶然联系。
209. occasional 偶然的
Writing this book was a labor of love but also one of frustration and occasional despair.
这本书的写作是出于爱的一种劳动，但也充满挫折，偶尔还有绝望感。
210. incidental 偶然的，附带的
There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.
人们在与他人交往中能够获得教育，这与对年轻人的可以教育之间存在明显不同。在前者重，教育是附带发生的，很自然也很重要，但这并不是交往机制的明确理由。
211. impartial 公平的，公正的
In several instances, justices acted in ways that weakened the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.
在一些事例中，大法官的行为方式削弱了法庭的独立与公正的声誉。
212. contemporary 当代的
Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds.
当代艺术的销售下降了三分之二。
213. intensive 密集的
Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption.
能源保存、转向其它燃料以及重工业和能源密集型工业重要性的降低，这些都减少了燃油消耗。
The discipline had in reality been taken over by small groups of scholars who saw intensive fieldwork as one of the critical essences of the new discipline.
该学科在现实中由小型学者群体所接管，他们把野外考察视为这一新学科的关键本质。
214. senior 高级的
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional.
辞去高级职位而去寻找更好的工作是反传统的。
215. talented 有才能的
The human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented than previously imagined.
人类大脑的大约一千亿个神经细胞要比原来想象的更加有才干。
216. detrimental 有害的
All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers.
所有这些对消费者都是有益的，而非有害。
217. multiple 多重的，多样的
Managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.
今天的移民管理要求有多重的路径和多重的结果。
Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies.
当学者们揭示了消失得社会的多样性时，一个新的研究领域敞开在我们面前，从性别到种族到文化研究。
218. professional 专业的
This loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on our professional, social, and personal wellbeing.
精神注意力的丧失对于我们的专业、社会及个人幸福具有潜在的破坏力。
219. cognitive 认知的
The right mental activities can significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.
正确的精神活动能重要提升我们的基本认知功能。
220. ancient 古代的
In characterizing a society, whether ancient or modern, there are two elements, rather closely interconnected, which are of prime importance: one is the economic system, the other the family system.
不敢古代还是现代，社会的特征具有两个相互联系紧密的重要要素，一个是经济体制，另一个是家庭体制。
221. primitive 原始的
It is revealed that even in modern world there are still several peoples with only “primitive mind”.
研究表明，即便在现代社会，仍然存在一些仅具有“原始思想”的民族。
222. dramatic 引人注目的
There are same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more communications choices.
存在一些同样引人注目的技术改变，这些改变给营销人员提供了更多的沟通选择。
223. academic 学术的
Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctor degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career.
专业化使得获得博士学位成为成功学术生涯的先决条件。
224. appropriate 恰当的
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.
方法论究竟指历史研究普遍特有的概念，还是指适用于历史探究各分支领域的研究技术，目前还没有达成一致。
225. sufficient 充分的
Doctors could not give patients sufficient medication to control their pain if that might hasten death.
医生们不能给患者使用可能加速死亡的充足的药物来缓解他们的痛苦。
226. adequate 充足的
To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate.
为了当好我们星球的管理员，我们必须推进更加深入的大气和海洋研究，但仅做研究是不充分的。
227. primary 主要的
The U.S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U.S. economic performance.
美国的劳动力被嘲笑为受教育程度差，并被认为是美国糟糕的经济表现的主要原因。
228. speculative 推测的，投机的
Two other explanations are more speculative.
另外两个例子是推测性的。
229. rebelling 反叛的
The examples are Gallileo’s 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton.
这样的例子有17世纪伽利略由于反叛天主教信仰而受审，以及诗人威廉·布莱克反对牛顿世界观的激烈话语。
230. artificial 人工的
Researchers asked volunteers to hold a pen with their teeth to create an artificial smile.
研究者们让志愿者用牙齿咬住钢笔，从而造成一种人工的微笑。
231. major 主要的，重要的
Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone.
几乎所有的重要问题都包含人类行为，仅通过武力和生物技术是难以解决的。
232. principal 主要的(adj.)，校长(n.)
Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades" is the presence not of a few influentials.
我们的工作表明，所谓的“全球级联反应”并不是少数有影响力的人造成的。
233. puzzled 迷惑的
The man looked puzzled and hurt.
那个男子显得迷惑而受伤。
234. bewildering 令人困惑的
The bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection.
人类崇拜的令人困惑的多样性也许可以看作是性选择的某种形式。
235. obscure 模糊的
The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure.
环境明显很重要，但环境的角色却是模糊的。
236. ambiguous 模棱两可的
But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route.
在科学的日常实践中，发现的活动通常是沿着一条模糊和复杂的路径。
237. subtle 微妙的
This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.
这是同伴压力的一种微妙形式：我们无意识地模仿着我们每天所看见的行为。
238. vague 模糊的
Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he said he was leaving to pursue the goal of running a company.
他并没有用通常模糊的借口来掩饰他的辞职，而是告诉大家他想去自己运作一个公司。
239. bizarre 奇异的
They were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language.
他们并不热心于通过“外来”语言来处理奇异的数据。
240. weird 古怪的
Many things make people think artists are weird.
很多事情让人们认为艺术家是古怪的。
241. plausible 似是而非的
The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible acceptable but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication"
人们想象中大人物的重要性来源于一个看似可接受实则未经证实的理论，既“交流的两步流动”理论。
242. paradoxical 悖论的
His argument is that the unusual history of these people has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs.
他的论点是：这些人不同寻常的历史使他们受到独特进化压力的影响，从而造成这种悖论式的情况。
243. fundamental 基本的
There are fundamental public health problems that can hardly be resolved.
存在一些难以解决的基本公共健康问题，
244. complementary 补充的
In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional.
要成为专业人员，任何情况下电脑技能仅仅是对大量其它技术的一种补充。
245. advanced 先进的，高级的
It will be different in an industrially advanced community from what it would be in a primitive agricultural regime.
在高度工业化社会中会与原始农业体制中有所不同。
246. supreme 最高的
The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders.
联邦巡回法院的行动是跟随最高法院最近做出的一系列决定，这些决定缩小了对于专利持有者进行保护的范围。
247. legitimate 合法的
The doctor should prescribe drugs for a legitimate medical purpose.
医生开具药方应当用于合法医疗目的。
Love as a relation between men and women was ruined by the desire to make sure of the legitimacy of children.
由于希望确保孩子的合法性，从而使作为男女之间关系的爱情遭到破坏。
248. moderate 温和的，适度的
But the epidemic is moderate in severity, according the organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery.
但是根绝该组织的总执行官的说法，该流行病在程度上市温和的，绝大多数患者症状轻微，且能完全康复。
249. insightful 有洞察力的
The most important task in practicing reading comprehension is to build up a kind of insightful mind.
阅读练习最重要的任务是培养有洞察力的思维。
250. positive 积极的
Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives.
创建积极习惯是提升消费者生活的一个重要部分。
251. negative 消极的
In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative connotation.
在不断发生巨变的21世纪，即使是“习惯”这样一个词也带有消极的内涵。
252. looming 隐约靠近的
My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago.
我和我妻子谈到了20年前就隐约出现的危险。
253. essential 本质的，必要的
It’s essential to making new products commercially viable.
使新产品具有商业活力是必要的。
254. astrological 星体的
Certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills.
特定的星座赋予了卓越的足球技能。
255. autonomous 自治的
They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory.
他们是传统理论中那种自治的人。
256. sobering 使人清醒的
The sobering aspect of Allan’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves.
艾伦的书令人清醒的一面在于他指出：除了我们自己之外，我们不应指责任何别人影响了我们当前的状态。
257. peculiar 特别的
It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to misleading interpretation of what happened.
结果表明，做实验的特殊方式可以导致了对发生事件的误解。
258. alleged 所声称的
This suggests that the alleged “Hawthorne effect” is hard to pin down.
这表明所谓的“霍桑效应”是很难确定的。
259. average 平均的，普通的
It is difficult for average readers under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers.
四十一下读者很难想象那个时代，在那时大部分大城市里的报纸都能看到高质量的艺术评论。
260. immune 免疫的，不受影响的
Some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.
一些美国人担心，生活在美国的移民会不受美国同化力量的影响。
261. astonishing 令人惊讶的
The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
对新传媒的令人惊讶的不信任并非源于报道的不准确或糟糕的报道技能，而是在于记者与读者世界观的冲突。
262. eligible 合格的
Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty.
尽管犹他州在1898年就有女性在州陪审团服务，大部分的州直到20世纪40年代才让女性有资格为陪审团服务。
263. sensitive 灵敏的，敏感的
Some animals are extremely sensitive to smells.
有些动物对气味极其敏感。
264. neutral 中立的
This is why the more neutral substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists.
这就是为什么现在很多医师和心理医生更多地使用中性物质的原因。
265. consistent 一致的
Consistent with a radical cultural relativism, the hypothesis implies that Indians see and perceive the world in a fundamentally different way from Westerners, due to differences in the structure of their respective languages.
与激进的文化相对主义相一致，该假说暗示了印第安人看待世界并感知世界的方式与西方人根本不同，这是由各自语言的结构差别造成的。
266. constant 不变的
The rate of economic growth remained constant during the period from 1980 to 1990.
1980年到1990年的经济增长率保持不变。
267. coherent 连贯的
The job of the cultural anthropologist is not just to find out how the details of one group’s culture differ from another’s, but to show how these details add up to a coherent view of the world.
文化人类学家的工作并不是去发现一个群体的文化细节与另一个群体的不同之处，而是去发现这些细节是如何地构成一个连贯的世界观的。
268. inherent 内在的
Methodology is a term that remains inherently ambiguous in the historical profession.
方法论这一术语在历史学的专业职业中具有内在的模糊性。
269. subsequent 随后的
This may cause a subsequent bad performance at the firm.
这会造成该公司后续表现不佳。
270. impoverished 贫穷的
Some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.
一些贫穷国家在对待外资方面将不得不克服过时的反殖民偏见。
271. moral 道德的
Cultural relativism does not in itself contain a moral principle.
文化相对主义其自身并不包含道德原则。
272. ethical 伦理的
The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.
最高法院大法官的伦理判断最近已经成为一个重要问题。
273. ethnic 种族的
Knowledge of traditional societies greatly enhances the understanding of modern phenomena such as tourism, ethnic violence or migration.
对于传统社会的知识能提升对于诸如旅游、种族暴力或移民这样的现代现象的理解。
274. racial 种族的
The Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection.
美国最高法院已经禁止了陪审团成员选择中的种族歧视。
275. rational 理性的
Marriage ethics and institutions have been determined by rational considerations.
婚姻伦理和婚姻建制师由伦理的考量来确定的。
276. mutual 相互的
Mutual benefits are always the strong glue maintaining the healthy economic functioning.
互惠互利一直是经济健康运行的强大粘合剂。
277. reciprocal 相互的
It is impossible to deny a reciprocal connection between private property and family.
否认私有财产与家庭的联系时不可能的。
278. reverse 相反的，颠倒的
While some people are more sensitive to the apparent realities of the inner world than to the apparent realities of the outer world, for others, the situation is the reverse.
一些人对于内心世界的现实性的敏感程度高于外部现实世界，而对另一些人而言，情况相反。
279. scholarly 学者的，学术的
These scholarly controversies partly reflected and partly influenced an increasing erosion of Great Books courses in American universities.
这些学术争论部分上反应并影响了美国大学里不断增长的名著课程的侵蚀。
280. distinctive 与众不同的
Much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive.
大多数破坏集中于至少是有特色的报刊。
The implications of this distinction, which may seem bewildering, will eventually be evident.
这种差别看似令人困惑，但其含义最终会变得明显。
281. secure 安全的
Sharing beliefs and behaviors makes people feel secure, gives meaning to their lives, and protects them from anxiety and confusion.
信仰和行为的分享使人们有安全感，使生活有意义，并使人们避免焦虑和困惑。
282. anecdotal 轶事的
Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.
一些轶事恰好符合这个思想，那就是，仅仅是特殊的人能够驾驭潮流。
283. compelling 强迫的，引人注目的
The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.
该思想在直觉上是引人注目的，但并为解释思想是如何传播的。
284. contemptible 可鄙的
It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.
作家们认为当记者是可鄙的。
285. feminine 女性的
The moon symbolizes feminine traits, whereas the sun reflects masculine features.
月亮象征女性特质，而太阳反映了男性的特征。
1、 动词
286. doubt 怀疑
He doubt that the traditional diet is healthy and efficient.
他对传统食谱是否健康和高效有所怀疑。
287. suspect 怀疑
They suspect that some merits of other cultures are more valuable.
他们怀疑一些其它文化更有价值。
288. argue 提出
They argue that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature than are cotton fibers that have been separated from cotton seeds.”
他们提出，分离出来的DNA分子“仅仅是自然的产物，就如同从棉籽中分离出来的棉纤维一样。”
Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?
你是否还记得，过去那些年里科学家们一直认为吸烟会致人死亡，但也有怀疑者坚持我们并不能对此确定？
They argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account.
他们认为他们的工作具有正确的底线，未来的管理工作必须考虑到这一点。
289. contend 主张
But in one of her new books, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force.
罗森博格在他的一本新书中主张：同伴压力也可以是一种积极的力量。
Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person; they reveal him.”
艾伦的这本书的声誉部分上来自于他的一个主张：“环境没有造就人，而只是揭示了人性。”
290. suggest 暗示，提出
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.
研究者们暗示，卷尾猴和人类一样，会受社会情感引导的。
291. assume 假定
Advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioral ads.
广告商假定人们乐意于被追踪和接收行为广告。
292. assert 宣称
He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited.
他也宣称，自己进行长时间纯抽象系列思维的能力极其有限。
293. claim 声称，索赔
The White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.
白宫声称他能够使与自己不一致的州法律失去效力。
294. interview 面试，采访
Every successful applicant who passes the preliminary examinations must endure comprehensive interviews before being fully admitted into a graduate school.
所有成功通过初试的考生必须经过综合面试才能最终得到研究生院的录取。
295. scrutinize 仔细检查
The board of directors always scrutinizes the financial plans in response to shareholder pressure.
董事会经常由于股东的压力而对财务方案进行仔细检查。
296. originate 起源于
The group in question is a particular people originated from central Europe.
存在问题的群体的起源于中欧的一个特别的民族。
297. embody 体现
Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “get” success but become it.
成就之所以发生，是因为你这个人体现了外部成就，你并不是“获得”成功，而是成为成功本身。
298. sustain 维持
Because hard laughter is difficult to sustain, a good laugh is unlikely to have measurable benefits the way walking or jogging does.
由于大幅度的笑很难维持，因此，一次愉快的笑得好处很难像散步或慢跑那样去进行测量。
299. account 占百分比，解释
In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price of oil.
在欧洲，税收占汽油零售价的比例多达4/5。
Anthropology tries to account for the social and cultural variation in the world, but a crucial part of the anthropological project also consists in conceptualizing and understanding similarities between social systems and human relationships.
人类学家试图解释世界上社会和文化的差异，但是人类学课题的一个关键部分也包含对社会制度和人类关系之间类似性的概念化和理解。
300. attach 附加
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the anti-science tag has been attached to many other groups as well.
1996年对新闻故事的一项调查揭示出，反科学的标签也已经被贴在很多其他人群身上。
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标题
301.enclose 内附
Enclosed please find my resume together with other required materials.
信中附上了我的简历以及所需其它材料。
302. reason 推理
No one could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning.
如果不具备一些推理能力，是没有人能写出这本书的。
303. verify 证实
Knowledge can be verified by applying it to real situations and observing whether it solves the problems.
知识可以通过应用到实际情况中去观察是否能解决问题而得到证实。
304. deem 视为
If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf.
加入人们能恰当地对待野心，那么它的诸如财富、与众不同、对自己命运的把握等回报就是值得为其牺牲的。
305. sponsor 赞助
The organization sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers.
该组织赞助了大量专题讨论会，和一个可信度研究项目，以考查为什么顾客感到恼火并大量离开。
306. focus 专注
Many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.
很多历史学家开始专注于奴隶制在建国初期社会生活中所扮演的角色。
307. thrive 繁荣
Elaborate theories of cultural diffusion continued to thrive, particularly in Berlin and Vienna, until after the Second World War.
文化扩散的精细理论继续繁荣，尤其是在柏林和维也纳，一直持续到第二次世界大战之后。
308. prosper 繁荣
In the rigid peer-review system, the papers form outsiders can never prosper.
在严格的同行审阅体系中，局外人的论文不可能得到繁荣地发展。
309. propose 建议
This year, it was proposed that system be changed.
有人在今年建议对体系进行改变。
310. oppose 反对
Some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
一些华尔街投资的公司联合起来争取金融产品专利，即便他们自己在一些法庭案件中反对这一做法。
There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
在专业型职业的内部存在抵抗改变的压力，但是监管部分中反对改变的人则坚持，将局外人挡在法律事务所之外能够减小律师挣钱的考虑，从而更有道德地为客户服务。
311. authorize 批准，授权
In the United States, there are roughly 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association.
在美国，有大约２００所由美国律师协会批准的法学院。
312. conduct 实施
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted on 1932 unique subjects.
该项研究是对１９３２名独特研究对象进行的全基因组分析。
313. implement 实施
The state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.
管理该专业型指责的国家层面团体太过于保守，以至于不能实施这些措施。
314. exert 运用，施加
Although simple contrasts of this kind have regularly been severely criticized, they continue to exert a certain influence on anthropological thinking.
尽管简单的对比总是受到严厉批判，他们仍然继续对人类学的思维方式施加着影响。
315. campaign 发起运动
President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model.
布什总统发起了将社会保险改变为存款账户模式的运动。
316. lobby 游说
Banks' lobbying now seems to be working.
银行的游说现在看来起作用了。
317. adhere 坚持
For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.
很多年以来，高级管理人和猎头都坚持一个原则，那就是最具吸引力的首席执行官候选人都是挖来的。
318. convey 传达
The idea that men are God’s children is one which cannot be conveyed to those Islanders since they do not think that anybody is the child of any male.
有个思想认为男人是上帝的孩子，但是这一思想不可能向那些岛民传达，因为他们从不认为任何人会是男人的孩子。
319. boycott 抵制
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott such products.
如果那件事发生，那么热情的孤苦会试图说服其他人一起抵制该产品。
320. alleviate 缓解
The damage has been alleviated by financial subsidy and others means.
损失通过财政补助和其它方式得到缓解。
321. relieve 减轻
Most of the pain can be relieved by medicine
大多数疼痛可以通过药物来减轻。.
322. condemn 谴责
No marriage ethic can be either justified or condemned on solid grounds.
任何婚姻伦理都不能够有牢靠根据地受到辩护或谴责。
323. embark 从事
Future lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional career.
未来律师在从事职业生涯之前必须学习一门非专门性的文科。
324. subject 使受到约束
That concept of society has been subjected to similar critiques.
这一关于社会的概念也受到类似批判。
325. render 致使
The increasing role of the state in education is gradually rendering the father less important than he has been throughout historical times.
国家在教育中不断增强的角色逐渐使得父亲比历史上任何时期都显得不重要。
326. invert 颠倒
The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted.
传统的规则是：呆在原地不动更安全，但这已经被彻底颠覆了。
327. associate 联系
Nobody denied that diffusion took place, but there were serious problems of verification associated with the theory.
没有人否认扩散的发生，但理论的证实上存在严重问题。
328. formulate 规划
He aimed at the development of a ‘natural science of society’, where the universal laws of social integration could be formulated.
他旨在发展出一个“自然的社会科学”，从中找到社会整合的普遍定律。
329. underline 强调
The fact is underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
该事实得到以下统计数字的强调：在８０家欧洲电视网中，１９８９年亏损的不少于一半。
330. highlight 强调
The contention his book conveys highlight a fact that every man can be autonomous with the resistance against negative external influence.
他在书中的主张强调了这样一个事实，那就是任何人都可以是自主的，能够抵抗外部消极影响。
331. encompass 包含
Cultural anthropology encompasses not only cultural and social anthropology, but also physical anthropology, archaeology and linguistics.
文化人类学不仅包含文化的和社会的人类学，也包含体质人类学、考古学和语言学。
332. integrate 整合
He shows how societies are integrated, and how social institutions reinforce each other and contribute to the maintenance of society.
他指明了社会整合的方式，以及社会建制相互强化并保持社会稳定性的方式。
Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market.
他提出，由于集体接受了社会只是利益和市场的“排序机制”，因此正直性遭到了破坏。
333. constitute 构成
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.
对英国１５０年间地理出版物的对比发现，不仅研究的重要性得到加强，而且对于合格研究论文的定义也改变了。
334. commit 承诺，犯罪
We feel, we sense, we commit ourselves to courses of action both behavioral and cognitive.
我们能够感觉，能够推理，能够让自己有行为以及认知活动。
335. perpetuate 使永恒
They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
他们并不资助同行审阅的研究，他们使孤独天才的神话永恒。
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall.
大多数人把乐观定义为无休止的快乐，就像一个永远半满的杯子。
336. transform 转化
The American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
美国中产家庭在过去可以指望通过艰苦工作和公平竞争来保持经济安全，这一状况被经济风险和新的现实改变了。
337. accommodate 适应
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.
为了适应这一人口流动的新世界，移民战争的双方都应有新的态度。
338. ascribe 归因于
We ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material.
我们把意义归因于文本，这是以文本与情境之间的互动为基础的。
339. occur 出现
Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.
优秀的作品通常在你强烈追求思想时出现，而不是在焦急地寻找错误时。
340. emerge 出现
As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
关于习惯的新科学出现时，这些策略被用来销售有问题的美容产品和不健康食物，这造成了争议的爆发。
341. arise 出现
The idea arose because of the perplexing behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant.
该思想是由于霍桑工厂的女性的令人不解的行为而出现的。
342. arouse 引起
The hypothesis aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.
该假说在首次提出时就引起广泛争议。
343. reveal 揭示
The 1990 Census revealed that a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.
１９９０年人口普查揭示出，来自１５个常见移民国家的移民在美国居住１０年之后能够把英语说得“好”或“非常好”。
344. oblige 强迫
The integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
欧洲社会的整合强迫电视台在制片和发行方面更加紧密合作。
But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.
但是今天大部分女性在应付大量的义务，很少有喘息机会，因而感到极度紧张。
345. justify 辩护
Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins.
达尔文主义似乎为所有人类来自共同祖先提供了辩护。
346. mandate 命令，委托
Not everyone will agree with the author’s policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers.
并不是所有人都同意作者的政策主张，他的主张从给予更多假期直到为美国房屋购买者减税。
The jobseekers have no mandatory right to get the benefits from where everyone contributes.
找工作者没有法定权利去获得所有人贡献的福利。
347. precede 在前面
That federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial.
联邦法律优先于州法律是没有争议的。
348. proceed 开始，进行
How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them.
你的阅读如何开始？很明显你试图理解，识别个别词的意义，并弄明白它们之间的关系。
349. conceive 构思
Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.
以这种方式去构思，理解过程就不会是每个读者都相同的步骤。
349. counterbalance 抵消
Different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.
不同类型的阅读能够相互启发，作为相互的参考点，并相互平衡。
350. offset 抵消
His high achievement in mathematics has been offset by the poor scores of physics.
他数学的优异成绩被糟糕的物理分数抵消了。
351. inherit 继承
Our ability to experience the world in a common way is inherited.
我们以通常的方式去感觉世界的能力是继承获得的。
352. overlap 重叠
Cultural anthropology clearly overlaps with other social sciences, such as sociology and psychology, which are also often interested in human thought and behavior, and in the differences between social groups.
文化人类学明显地与其它社会科学相重叠，例如社会学和心理学，这两门学科也致力于人类思想和行为，以及社会群体之间的差异。
353. survive 存活
Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey.
很多船在暴风雨中消失了，很多乘客死于疾病，婴儿极少能在旅途中存活下来。
354. rank 排列名次
Until quite recently, it was common in European society to rank non-Europeans according to the ratio of their population which was admitted into the Christian Church.
欧洲社会直到最近都惯常去研究欧洲以外人口进入教会的比例，并以此来对它们评判。
355. deteriorate 恶化
Today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
今天的社会指数很难揭示黑暗且不断恶化的社会环境。
356. aggravate 加重
Without appropriate measures to end such actions, the potential threat of security problem will continue to aggravate.
如果没有恰当措施来制止这种行为，那么安全问题的隐患将不断加重。
357. homogenize 使均匀，同化
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.
尽管存在“无休止关于差别的谈论”，美国社会仍是以架同化民众的神奇机器。
358. assimilate 使类似，同化
Every immigrant has the obligation to be assimilated into the new society to become a member of it.
所有移民都有义务同化到新社会中，并成为其一员。
359. address 演讲，处理
This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework.
该规则意味着处理来自贫穷或混乱家庭的学生的做作业问题。
360. imitate 模仿
Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them.
我们必须形成能模仿声音的词，而不是去对声音进行描述。
361. fashion 改变
Anthropology should fashion itself as a humanities discipline rather than a natural science.
人类学应当将自身改造成一个认可学科，而不是自然科学学科。
362. shift 转变
A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment.
科学分析转变了对于环境的责任和成就。
363. alter 改变
They may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources.
它们可以改变教育结构，或进行干涉以减少自然资源的浪费。
364. compare 比较
All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.
所有检测需要将潜在候选人的DNA进行比对。
365. investigate 调查
Scholars will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.
学者将会继续那样危险地思考，越来越脱离它们所研究、调查和批判的社会。
366. eliminate 消除
Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.
你每回答一次问题就消除了一个可能性。
367. represent 代表，表现
Many artworks have been publicly represented as evil or corrupting.
很多艺术作品公开表现邪恶或腐化。
368. prevail 流行
Whatever system of marriage prevails, the factors related to human nature seems to have been ignored.
不管流行何种婚姻体制，与人性相关的那些因素被忽视了。
369. perceive 感知
This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air.
这意味着我们的鼻子仅限于感知那些飘浮在空中的气味。
The human perception is far more complicated than previously imagined.
人类感知力要比过去想象的复杂得多。
The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer.
该思想显得很有前途，罗森博格是一位有感知力的观察者。
370. underline 强调
The current emphasis on standardized testing underlines analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.
当前对标准化测试的重视强调分析和步骤，意味着我们很少能够内在地利用创造性和合作性的思维方式。
371. underlie 成为基础
But only anthropologists focus their main attention on trying to understand the overall patterns that underlie the whole range of cultural thought and behavior – to understand the relationships among religion, science, economy, politics, art, health, technology, and history.
但是仅有人类学家专注于理解文化思想和行为的潜在总体模式，理解宗教、科学、经济、政治、艺术、健康、技术、以及历史之间的关系。
Such behavior is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
该行为被视为“过于人性的”，其潜在假设是其它动物不具有这种发展得很精细的委屈感。
372. undermine 破坏
A useful custom which has a religious origin will often survive on account of its utility after the religious basis has been undermined.
在宗教基础遭到破坏后，那些具有宗教起源的有用的习俗会存活下来。
373. resent 愤恨
The democratic populations resent any kind of constraints imposed on them through political activities.
喜爱民主的人们愤恨任何形式的通过政治活动施加给他们的限制。
1、 副词
378. regularly 有规律地
The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century.
20世纪中期之前，该体制还未能定期地将女性包含在陪审团中。
379. remarkably 显著地
European project is remarkably liberal.
欧洲的项目明显是自由的。
380. unconsciously 无意识地
We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing.
我们无意识地将快餐与速度和不耐烦联系起来，并把那些冲动转化到我们的任何行动中。
381. profoundly 深刻地，深奥地
But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.
但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更加深刻理解法律，这一思想建立在新闻界既定惯例和特殊责任的基础之上。
382. extremely 极端地
Some people with a high BMI(body mass index) are in fact extremely fit.
一些BMI值较高的人事实上却非常健康。
383. intuitively 直觉地
Visual recognition is an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation.
视觉识别是一个自动心理过程，该过程以直觉方式快速出现，没有或几乎没有明显有意识的考虑。
384. correspondingly 相应地
In different levels of societies, the marriage systems vary correspondingly.
在不同发展层次的社会中，婚姻体制会相应地有所变化。
385. respectively 分别地
Marriage customs have always been a blend of three factors, which may be called instinctive, economic, and religious respectively.
婚姻习俗经常是三个因素的混合，分别是本能、经济、和宗教。
386. radically 根本上地
The introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the both personal and social lives.
计算机在20世纪早期引入，随后60年代发明了集成电路，这在根本上改变个人生活和社会生活。
387. exclusively 唯一地
Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.
一些权力唯一地属于联邦政府，这些权力包括公民权以及国界。
388. dazzlingly 灿烂地，耀眼地
The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated.
当今科技的潜在发展及其社会影响是极度复杂的。
389. strikingly 显著地
His book is a strikingly original analysis of rituals of some religion branches.
他的书明显具有对一些宗教分支的仪式的新颖分析。
390. notably 显著地
Almost every adult is notably characterized by unique traits formed from the childhood.
几乎所有成年身上都带有在童年时期形成的特征。
391. overwhelmingly 压倒性地
Mobile phone games overwhelmingly attract much of our leisure time.
手机游戏压倒性地占据了我们很多闲暇时间。
392. virtually 事实上
Virtually the scholars have to always devote themselves to long time process of paper and monograph writing.
事实上学者们必须经常投身到长时间的论文和学术和专注的书写工作中去。
393. practically 实际上
Animal welfare should not only be considered as a moral issue; it is, practically, rather a scientific field of research.
动物福利不应仅被视为道德问题，它实际上更是一个科学研究领域。
394. intimately 亲密地
A scholar suggests that their intelligence and diseases are intimately linked.
一位学者认为他们的智力水平和疾病是紧密相连的。
395. deliberately 故意地
On the overturned provisions the majority held the Congress had deliberately occupied the field.
对于那些被推翻的法律条款，大多数人认为国会故意地在占领该领域。
396. explicitly 明确地
Congress has always explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.
国会总是明确鼓励各州官员与联邦同事合作并分享信息。
397. simultaneously 同时地
Anthropology has its distinctive character as an intellectual discipline, based on ethnographic fieldwork, which tries simultaneously to account for actual cultural variation in the world and to develop a theoretical perspective on culture and society.
人类学作为一个知识学科，具有其与众不同的特点，人类学依靠野外人种学考察工作，在解释世界上文化的事实差别的同时，也致力于发展出一个文化和社会方面的理论视角。
398. far 遥远的，更
But the market generates interest far beyond its size.
但是市场产生的利益远大于其规模。
Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these are diluted to far below one part in one million.
我们的鼻子能够探测到人类气味，即使是稀释到远低于百万分之一。
But we can’t know how far such innocent love can reach during our life.
但是我们不知道这种纯真的爱在我们生命中能延伸多远。
399. instead 取而代之
Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research.
他们继续敦促开展更多研究，而不是行动方案。
400. rather 取而代之
In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.
在直接民主中，公民轮流管理自己，而不是选出代表来为自己管理。
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